1. Chapter 3: Climates, Environments, and Resources.

2. What is Weather?
The short-term changes in the air for a given place and time
Temperature and precipitation from hour to hour or day to day

3. What is Climate?
A region’s average weather conditions over a long period
The expected weather for a place based on data and experience

4. What affects weather and climate?
The sun, location, wind, water, and mountains affect weather and climate.

5. Sun and Location
Earth’s Tilt, Movement, and Shape affect the amount of direct sunlight a place receives.
Solar rays are more concentrated near the equator.
Areas close to equator called low-latitudes are mainly hot.
Areas near the poles called high-latitudes are cold year-round.

6. Wind and Water
Air and water warmed by the sun are constantly on the move, making different areas of Earth warmer or cooler.
Wind, or the sideways movement of air, blows in great streams around the planet.

7. Wind and Water
Prevailing winds are winds that blow in the same direction over large areas of Earth.
Hot Air: rises and then cools
Cold Air: sinks but is reheated by sun

8. Ocean Currents
Ocean currents —large streams of surface seawater driven by winds—move heat around Earth.
Carry warm or cool water to different areas
Water’s temperature affects air temperature near it.

9. Large Bodies of Water
Large bodies of water, such as an ocean or sea, also affect climate.
Water heats and cools more slowly than land does.

10. Large Bodies of Water
Large bodies of water make the temperature of the land nearby milder.
The place where two air masses of different temperatures or moisture content meet is a front.

12. Storms Thunderstorms: Rain, lightning, and thunder
Mostly Spring and Summer

13. Storms
Blizzards:
Strong winds and large amounts of snow
Mostly winter

14. Storms
Tornadoes:
Small, rapidly twisting funnel of air that touches the ground
Can be destructive and deadly

15. Storms Hurricanes & Typhoons:
Large, rotating storms that form over tropical waters in the Atlantic Ocean (hurricanes) or Pacific Ocean (typhoons).
Drenching rains, strong winds, and storm surges
Largest, most destructive storms

16. Mountains
Mountains can influence an area’s climate by affecting both temperature and precipitation.
Temperature decreases with elevation, the height on Earth’s surface above sea level.

17. Mountains Mountains also create wet and dry areas.
Air blowing against mountains is forced to rise.
As the air rises, it cools and precipitation falls.

18. Mountains
This effect produces a rain shadow, a dry area on the mountainside facing away from the direction of the wind.
Rain Shadow

19. RAIN SHADOW:
Please label and color your diagram of the Rain Shadow Effect. Glue to pg. 28

20. Videos to Check Out: Desertification
Toxic Love: Environment Destruction

21. World Climate Zones Check in with home group.
Meet with expert group and discuss climate.
Pick 4 important facts:
Focus on Temperature, Precipitation, Vegetation and Location
Report back to group with information.
Take turns teaching your home group about your climate.

22. World Climate Regions

23. There are 5 major climate regions
Tropical
Dry
Temperate
Polar
Highland

24. Objective Identify the 5 major climate types
Identify characteristics of each climate type.

25. Behavioral Expectations
Work QUIETLY in your own groups
Everyone MUST participate!
Remember, you are the teacher and your group is counting on YOU!

26. World Climate Regions

27. If the climate regions of the world could talk which one would say…..

28. I am the climate type that receives less than 10-20 inches of rain each year
Dry

29. My climate’s name means “moderate” or “mild.”
Temperate

30. I am the climate type can be found in mountain ranges and can change drastically with elevation
Highland

31. My climate is very cold and usually covered by ice or snow year round.
Polar

32. My warm climate type spans from the Topic of Cancer to the Tropic of Capricorn.
Tropical

33. If you went to the North and South Poles you would find my climate type there!
Polar

34. Tennessee is located in my climate type!
Temperate

35. Natural Environments and Natural Resources

36. Natural Environments The Big Idea
Plants, animals, and the environment, including soil, interact and affect one another.
Main Ideas
The environment and life are interconnected and exist in a fragile balance.
Soils play an important role in the environment.

37. The environment and life are interconnected and exist in a fragile balance.
Plants and animals live where they are suited to the environment, or surroundings.
Factors such as temperature, rainfall, and soil conditions limit options of where they can live.
All plants and animals are adapted to specific environments.

38. Ecosystem— a group of plants and animals that depend on each other for survival and the environment in which they live
Formed from interconnections between living things and the environment
Can be any size and can occur wherever air, water, and soil support life

39. Changes to Environments
Ecosystems exist in a fragile balance; a small change to one part can affect the whole system.
People can affect ecosystems in many ways.
Some actions can destroy a habitat —the place where a plant or animal lives.
Extreme changes in ecosystems can cause species to die out, or become extinct.
Many countries are working to balance people’s needs with the needs of the environment.

40. Soils play an important role in the environment.
Soils help determine what plants will grow and how well.
Fertile soils are rich in minerals and humus, decayed plant or animal matter.
Support abundant life
Soils can lose fertility in many ways.
Erosion
Planting the same crops over and over
When soil becomes worn out, it cannot support as many plants.
Can lead to desertification, the spread of desert like conditions

41. Pg. 33 in Passport
What factors can limit where plants and animals live?
What affect does the smallest change on the ecosystem have overall? Explain.
Fertile soils contain what two things?
What is desertification?

42. Main Ideas The Big Idea Natural Resources
Earth’s natural resources have many valuable uses, and their availability affects people in many ways.
Main Ideas
Earth provides valuable resources for our use.
Energy resources provide fuel, heat, and electricity.
Mineral resources include metals, rocks, and salt.
Resources shape people’s lives and countries’ wealth.

43. Natural Resources Using Natural Resources
A natural resource is any material in nature that people use and value.
Some are used as is.
Some are changed to make something new.
Types of Natural Resources
Renewable resources are resources Earth replaces naturally.
Nonrenewable resources are resources that cannot be replaced; they will run out one day.
Managing Natural Resources
People must manage resources to ensure they will be available in the future.
Deforestation, the clearing of trees, is a result of lack of management.
Reforestation, planting trees to replace lost forestland, works to prevent resource loss.

44. Renewable vs. Nonrenewable
Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Fossil fuels, nonrenewable resources that formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
Coal—pollutes the air; used mainly to create electricity at power plants
Petroleum, or oil—used to make fuels and other products
Natural gas cleanest-burning fossil fuel; used mainly for heating and cooking
Renewable Energy Resources
Will not run out
Generally better for the environment
Hydroelectric power —the production of electricity from waterpower—is the main alternative to fossil fuels.
Wind is used to power wind turbines that create electricity.
Solar power and geothermal energy —heat from within Earth

45. Nuclear Energy Obtained by splitting atoms, small particles of matter
Uses the metal uranium, so some consider it a nonrenewable resource
Produces dangerous wastes that must be stored for thousands of years before they are safe
Accidents at nuclear power plants have terrible effects.

46. Mineral Resources
Mineral resources include metals, salt, rocks, and gemstones.
Minerals fulfill countless needs.
Minerals are nonrenewable, and therefore need to be conserved.
Recycling can make the supply of mineral resources last longer.

47. Resources and People
The natural resources available to people affect their lifestyles and needs.
People in areas with many natural resources sometimes have more choices on ways to dress, eat, live, travel, and entertain themselves.
People in areas with fewer natural resources will likely have fewer choices and different needs.
Availability of natural resources affects countries’ economies.
The many resources available in the United States have helped it become one of the world’s wealthiest economies.
Countries with few natural resources often have weak economies.
Some countries have only one or two valuable resources but few others.

48. Oil

49. Fossil Fuels

50. Gold

51. Water

52. Water

53. Crops

54. Solar Energy