1. SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, AND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 36
SKELETAL, MUSCULAR, AND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS

2. SECTION 1
The Skeletal System

3. Key Concept Questions What are the functions of the skeletal system?
What is the structure of a typical bone?
What are the three different kinds of joints?

4. The skeletal system protects, supports, and moves the body.

5. Cartilage is connective tissue between bones. cushions bones
allows for smooth movement
connect two bones
cartilage

6. Bones connect to form joints.
Joints are places were two bones meet.
There are three types of joints.
fibrous, which does not allow for movement
fibrous joint

7. cartilaginous, which allows partial movement
cartillage

8. synovial, which allows for greater movement
GLIDING JOINT
PIVOT JOINT
BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT
SADDLE JOINT
HINGE JOINT

9. Ligaments are long bands of tissue that connect bones across a joint.

10. Bones are living tissue.
Bone is made of compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue.
Compact bone
Spongy bone

11. Compact bone is hard and dense.
Osteocytes (bone cells) maintain compact bone rings.
Haversian canals allow blood vessels in the bone.
osteocytes
blood vessel
Haversian canals

12. Spongy bone protects red or yellow bone marrow.
Red bone marrow produces blood cells.
Yellow bone marrow is mostly fat.
Periosteum
A layer of connective
tissue that covers bone
Red bone marrow

13. Key Concept Questions What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Protects
Supports
moves the body
What is the structure of a typical bone?
Bone is made of compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue.
What are the three different kinds of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

14. SECTION 2
The Muscular System

15. Key Concept Questions
What are the three types of muscle tissue?

16. The muscular system moves substances throughout the body.
bones of the skeletal system
food through digestive system
blood through circulatory system
fluids through excretory system

17. There are three types of muscle tissue. skeletal muscle smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
SKELETAL MUSCLE
SMOOTH MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE

18. Skeletal muscle attaches to the skeleton by tendons.
Tendons connect muscle to bone.
Skeletal muscles are mostly voluntary.
SKELETAL MUSCLE

19. Smooth muscle lines organs and is involuntary.
move food through digestive organs
empty liquid from the bladder
control width of blood vessels
Smooth muscle
around this artery allows the
artery to regulate blood flow
by shrinking and expanding.
SMOOTH MUSCLE

20. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. pumps blood throughout body
controlled by pacemaker
contains more mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells
CARDIAC MUSCLE

21. Muscles contract when the nervous systems causes muscle filaments to move.
Muscle fibers are cells of the muscular system.
muscle fiber
muscle
neuromuscular junction
neuron
MUSCLE

22. Key Concept Questions What are the three types of muscle tissue?
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

23. SECTION 3
Integumentary System

24. Key Concept Question
What are the functions of the integumentary system?

25. What are the functions of the integumentary system?
The integumentary system serves as a barrier against infection and injury, helps to regulate body temperature, removes waste products from the body, and provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun

26. The integumentary system consists of many parts.
skin
hair
nails
oil glands
sweat glands
proteins, such as keratin

27. Integumentary system removes substances from the body. water salts
urea
pore
sweat
glands

28. The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis. dead skin cells Oils
pores
epidermis
pore

29. Cells in the epidermis produce keratin and melanin.
Keratin makes cells waterproof and tough feeling.
Melanin is a dark pigment that absorbs UV rays.

30. The dermis contains most of the tissues in the skin. sweat glands
oil glands
pressure
receptors
blood vessels
hair follicles
dermis
hair follicle
oil gland
pressure
receptors
sweat gland

31. A hair follicle is pit of cells that produces hair.
The dermis also produces elastin and collagen.
Elastin makes skin flexible.
Collagen gives skin its shape.

32. Beneath the dermis is a layer of fat.
fat layer

33. Key Concept Question barrier against infection and injury
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
barrier against infection and injury
regulate body temperature
removes waste products from the body
provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun