1. Skeletal System

2. Function of the Skeletal System
Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs
Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain
Movement- bones act as a passive movement while muscle as an active movement
Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate
Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis
When you were born you had over 300 bones! As you grow up bones fuse (grow) together into 206 bones.

3. How Bones Grow
When a baby is born, its body contains 300 bones. Baby bones are made of a special material called cartilage. It is soft and flexible. Your earlobes and nose are made of cartilage.
During puberty some bones start to grow together to produce the 206 adult skeleton.
Until people reach between 17 and 21 years of age, the cartilage has completely hardened into bone. Once completed, there can be no more growth.

4. Human skeleton

5. Types of Bones
Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
Short Bones- carpals, tarsals
Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum
Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones
Sesamoid- patella

6. Bone Classification

7. Anatomy of a Long Bone spongy bone Proximal compact bone epiphysis
Endosteum
diaphysis
epiphyseal line
yellow marrow
Sharpey’s fibers
Distal
epiphysis
periosteum
hyaline cartilage

8. Axial Skeleton

9. The Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx

10. Cervical Vertebrae

13. The Thoracic Cage Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3)
Axial Skeleton
The Thoracic Cage
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)

14. Axial Skeleton
Sacrum & Coccyx

15. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

16. Appendicular Skeleton
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
8 Carpals
5 Metacarpals
14 Phalanges

17. Humorus

18. Ulna & Radius

19. Hand Bones

20. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis

21. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis (lateral view)
Ilium
Acetabulum
Obturator
foramen
Pubis
Ischium
Ischium

22. Male vs Female Pelvis
                                         
        Female Pelvic Girdle
Male Pelvic Girdle

23. Appendicular Skeleton
The Lower Limb (Legs)
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
7 Tarsals
5 Metatarsals
14 Phalanges

24. Femur

25. Patella

26. Tibia & Fibula

27. Foot
phelangies
metatarsals
tarsals
tarsals
metatarsals
phelangies

28. The Joints The place where two bones meet is called a joint.
There are two types of joints in every person's body: fixed joints and moving joints.

29. Immovable Joints (synarthrosis)
suture
pubis symphisis

30. Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)

31. Types of Joints in the Human Body

32. Moving joints
Moving joints are enable you to twist, bend, and move many different parts of your body.
Types:
1. Hinge joints, like in your knee and elbow, enable movement similar to the opening and closing of a hinged door.
2. Ball and socket joint (shoulders and hips).
It allow for lots of movement in every direction.
3. Ellipsoidal joints, such as the joint at the base of your index finger, allow bending and extending, rocking from side to side, but rotation is limited.

33. Moving joints
4. Gliding joints occur between the surfaces of two flat bones that are held together by ligaments. Some of the bones in your wrists and ankles move by gliding against each other. 5. Pivot joint in your neck allows you to turn your head from side to side. 6. The only Saddle joints in your body are in your thumbs. The bones in a saddle joint can rock back and forth and from side to side.

35. Repair of Fractures
hematoma
callus
bony callus
bone
remodeling

36. Diseases of the Skeletal System:
Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easier
Factors:
age, gender (more in women)
estrogen and testosterone decrease
insufficient exercise (or too much)
diet poor in Ca++ and protein
abnormal vitamin D receptors
smoking

37. Osteoporosis 29 40 84 92

38. Diseases of the Skeletal System:
Rickets- vitamin D deficiency
Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D
Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling
Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction

39. MUSCLES
A type of elastic tissue (sort of like the material in a rubber band). Thousands, or even tens of thousands, of small fibers make up each muscle.
Types

40. MUSCLES Characteristics Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle
Shape
Long, cylindrical cell
long, narrow "spindle" shaped cells
Long, cylindrical, branch shaped cell
Number of nucleus
Many nuclei
One in the middle of the cell
Work
Voluntary
Involuntary
Movement
Fast, unorganized and tired easily
Slow, organize, not easily tired
Organize and not easily tired