1. Matter Physical and Chemical Properties

2. Matter vs. Energy The universe is made up of matter and energy.
Has mass and takes up space (volume)
Is usually a “thing”
Energy:
Does not have mass or take up space
Energy moves matter!!!!!!
** Energy is the ability to make things move. Light, heat, sound, motion, and electricity are all forms of energy.

3. Properties of Matter
Property -characteristic that distinguishes one type of matter from another
Chemical
Physical
Specific property – a property that allows for the ID of matter
For 2 separate samples of matter to be the same kind of matter, they have to have all the same specific properties

4. Extensive/Intensive
Intensive – Does not depend on the amount of material
Examples: temperature, density, boiling point
Extensive – Depends on the amount of material
Examples: mass and volume

5. Physical Properties
Physical property- any property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter
Examples
color
shape
taste
density
state/phase
malleability
D = M V

6. Volume and Density Volume= length X width X height Density= mass (g)
volume (mL or cm3)
1 mL = 1 cm3
Which is more dense?

7. Physical Properties States of matter: Bose-Einstein Solid Liquid Gas
Plasma
(Newest State)

8. States of Matter
Solid - fixed shape and volume and particles close together so rigid structure
- particles vibrate only – no movement
Liquid - fixed volume & takes shape of container
- particles farther apart than solid
- little order - particles can move around
Gas - takes volume and shape of container
- particles are far apart
- random motion of particles

9. Physical Properties of Fluids
Viscosity- the resistance of a fluid to flowing.
Viscousmaple syrup (cold especially!)
Not viscouswater

10. Physical Properties of Solids
Malleable- able to be hammered or pressed out of shape without breaking
This is a property of many metals

11. Chemical Properties
Chemical property- property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance
Examples
flammability
reactivity with vinegar
reactivity with oxygen
reactivity with water
Iron + Oxygen  Iron oxide (rust)
2Fe + 3O2  Fe2O3

12. Let’s Do It. Label your paper 1-5 Chemical or Physical Property
Let’s Do It!!! Label your paper 1-5 Chemical or Physical Property? Chemical vs. Physical Property video
Paper is white
Boiling point of H2O is 100oC
Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid and creates hydrogen gas
Nitrogen does not burn
Sulfur smells like rotten eggs
Physical Property
Physical Property
Chemical Property
Chemical Property
Physical Property

13. Reference-Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
Substance/Matter
Physical Property
Chemical Property
Helium
Less dense than air
Nonflammable
Wood
Grainy texture
Flammable
Baking soda
White powder
Reacts with vinegar to produce bubbles
Powdered sugar
Does not react with vinegar
Rubbing alcohol
Clear liquid
Red food coloring
Red color
Reacts with bleach and loses color
Iron
Malleable
Reacts with oxygen

14. Changes in Matter Matter is constantly changing
There are two types of changes in matter:
Chemical
Physical

15. Physical changes are not indicative of a chemical reaction
Physical change- a change in shape, size, color, or state a change without a change in chemical composition
Examples
tearing paper
cutting your hair
change in state
Some mixtures can be separated based on their physical properties
Physical changes are not indicative of a chemical reaction

16. Let’s Do It!!! Get with a partner
Google “Harcourt Mixtures Lab” and click on the link for “The Mixtures Lab” and read the info on the left.
Draw the chart from the lab in your notes. You have 15 minutes
The Mixtures Lab
Online stopwatch

17. Chemical Changes
Chemical change- a change in which a substance becomes another substance having different properties
A change that is not reversible using ordinary physical means
Changes that usually cause, heat, sound, light, odor, fizzing/foaming, color changes
Examples
mixing vinegar & baking soda
burning a piece of wood
soured milk
A chemical analysis is the only 100% way to know a
chemical change has occurred.

18. Chemical Changes
Chemical reaction- the process by which a chemical change occurs
Types of chemical reactions
Synthesis (creating)
Decomposition (separating)
Combustion (burning)
Displacement/Replacement (switching of atoms)

19. Chemical Changes
During chemical changes, atoms are rearranged, and chemical bonds are broken and reformed
One or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
What does
H2 & O2 gas
create? H2 O2

20. Let’s Do It!!!!Label your paper 1-5 Chemical or Physical Change?
Bending a Paper Clip
Baking a cake
The sublimation of carbon dioxide
Crushing an aluminum can
Vinegar and baking soda combining to create salt and water
Physical Change
Chemical Change
Physical Change
Physical Change
Chemical Change

21. Endothermic – absorbing
Changes are either….
Endothermic – absorbing
energy
ex. boiling water
Exothermic - releasing
ex. burning a candle

22. Nuclear Changes/Reactions
A new substance is formed by changes in the atoms themselves - not just by rearranging the atoms.

23. Nuclear Reactions The TOTAL of mass plus energy is conserved.
Mass + Energy of reactants =
Mass + Energy of products
Matter can change into energy and
energy can change into matter.

24. Einstein’s Equation E = mc2 Einstein is saying that
matter and energy are
different forms of the
same thing!
c =(3.00 x 1010 cm/sec)2

25. How much energy can be obtained by completely converting 1
How much energy can be obtained by completely converting 1.00g of matter into energy?
E = mc2
E = (1.00g) (3.00 x 1010 cm/sec)2
(after adjusting units)
E = 21,500,000,000,000 calories

26. This means…… SMALL amounts of matter convert to
LARGE amounts of energy

27. Reaction Laws
Law of Conservation of Energy – in chemical and physical reactions, energy is conserved(not created or destroyed)
Law of Conservation of Mass – in chemical and physical reactions, mass is conserved (not created or destroyed)

28. Law of Conservation of Mass
Chemical Equation
H + O  H2O
Reactants  Products
Mass of Reactants = Mass of Products
Example: H O  H2O
5.0g + 5.0g = ?
10.0g

29. Review Chemical vs. Physical Changes video 7 min
Number your paper from 1-5 and answer the following questions
Which of these is a metric unit?
A. pounds
B. cups
C. liters
D. inches

30. Review C 2. Which of these is the symbol for the metric unit micro?
A. M
B. m
C. ρ
D. μ

31. Review D 3. Which of these is a physical property? A. density
B. reaction to water
C. combustibility

32. Review A 4. Which of the following is a chemical property?
A. reaction to acid
B. odor
C. temperature
D. color

33. Review A
5. If 59 g of NaCl is produced in a creaction, how much Cl was combined with 23 g of Na? Na + Cl  NaCl
A. 36
B. 36 g
C. 79 g
D. 23 g

34. Review B

35. Composition of Matter All matter has a composition, what it’s made of
Different kinds of composition are:
Pure substances- matter with a fixed composition that can’t be separated physically
Element
Compound
Mixture- can be separated physically
Solutions
Colloids
Mechanical mixture

36. Classification is based on physical and chemical properties-Reference
Matter
Mixture
Pure substance
Element
Compound
Homogeneous
(Solution)
Heterogeneous
Metal
Metalloid
Nonmetal

37. Pure Substances
Element- made up of one kind of atom and can’t be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
90 occur naturally on Earth 29 were synthesized (made) by scientists
C, N, O, Na, H, Au (gold), etc.

38. Elements
Metal- properties: luster, reflects heat and light, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, all are solids except mercury (liquid)
Nonmetal-properties: poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, not malleable or ductile, are solids, liquids and gases
Metalloid- has some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals

39. Pure Substances Compound- composed of two or more different elements
The atoms are chemically combined so that the elements take on new identities and lose their original properties
Examples:
H2O, CO2,CO, NO2,

40. characteristics of these
Mixtures
Mixtures- two or more substances that do not combine chemically, but remain the same individual substances;
Can be separated by physical means
Two types:
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Based on the prefixes
“hetero” and “homo,”
what do you think are
characteristics of these
two types of mixtures?

41. Heterogeneous Mixtures
“Hetero” = different
Consists of visibly different substances or phases (solid, liquid, gas)
Mechanical mixture- visibly not wholly one
Example:
Notice the visibly different
substances in these mechanical mixtures
Pizza
Trail Mix

42. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Suspension- special type of heterogeneous mixture of larger particles that eventually settle

43. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Colloids- heterogeneous mixture with particles that never settle
Milk and paint
Foggy appearance because its particles are large enough to scatter light, unlike a solution

44. Homogeneous Mixtures “Homo” = same
Same uniform appearance and composition throughout; maintain one phase (solid, liquid, gas)
Commonly referred to as solutions
Example:
Notice the
uniform
appearance
Salt Water

45. Homogeneous Mixtures
Solution- a mixture of two or more substances that is identical throughout
Can be physically separated
Composed of solutes and solvents
Salt water is considered a solution. How
can it be
physically separated?
the substance in the smallest
amount and the one that dissolves in the solvent
the substance in the larger
amount that dissolves the solute
Iced Tea Mix
(solute)
Water
(solvent)
Iced Tea
(solution)
Colloids (milk, fog, jello) are considered solutions

46. Review Separating Mixtures video 8min
Number your paper from 1-5 and answer the following questions
Which of these is a metric unit?
A. centiliters
B. cups
C. pounds
D. inches

47. Review A 2. Which of these is a chemical property? A. density
B. reaction with water
C. color
D. length

48. Review B 3. Which of these is a pure substance? A. pizza B. tap water
C. aluminum

49. Review C 4. Which of the following is a homogenous mixture? A. air
B. trail mix
C. soil
D. air with dust particles

50. Review A Liquefy and then distill to separate
5. Which of these is a compound? A. B. C. D.
A B C D

51. Review D