1. Bones
Skeletal system

2. What happened to all the bones??
As a newborn you are born with over 300 bones. As an adult you have only 206! What happened to all the other bones?
Newborn baby

3. Can you believe we have 206 bones?
Skull and upper jaw—21 bones Ear—3 tiny bones Lower jaw (mandible) Front neck bone (hyoid) Backbone/spine—26 separate bones (vertebrae) Ribs—12 pairs Breast bone Upper limbs—32 bones (2-shoulder, 3 arm, 8 wrist, 19 hand) Lower limbs—31 bones (1 hip, 4 leg, 7 ankle, 19 foot)

4. Functions of the skeleton
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage of minerals
Production of blood cells

5. Protects Vital Organs Axial Skeleton Consists of the following bones:
Skull
Vertebral column
Rib Cage
Protects Vital Organs

6. Appendicular skeleton
Arms and leg bones, pelvis, and shoulder areas
Movement
Production of blood cells
Storage of minerals
Appendicular
Axial

7. Parts of a bone Periosteum—living membrane covering bone, except joint
Spongy bone—tissue with many spaces, located at end of long bones & in the middle of flat bones
Compact bone—very dense, located in shafts of long bones
Epiphyseal plate—growth plate
Marrow
Red—produces RBCs
Yellow—mostly fat cells

8. Parts of a bone
Haversian Canals— spaces through which nerves and blood vessels pass
Osteoblasts—bone builder cells
Osteoclasts—bone destroyer cells

9. Joints Joints are the places where bones meet and touch
There are three classification of joints
Immovable
Slightly Movable
Freely Movable

10. Types of Free moving bone joints

11. Types of Free Moving Joints
Hinge Joint
Ball & Socket Joint
A hinge joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage.
A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders.

12. Types of Free Moving Joints
Gliding Joint
Pivot Joint
gliding or plane joint bones slide past each other. Midcarpal and midtarsal joints are gliding joints
Saddle Joint
Pivot joints allow rotation around an axis. The neck and forearms have pivot joints. Neck--occipital bone spins over the top of the axis. Forearms--radius and ulna twist around each other.
saddle joint allows movement back and forth and up and down, bot does not allow for rotation like a ball and socket joint.

13. Name the Joint Type
Hinge Joint

14. Name the Joint Type
FixedJoint
Pivot
Joint
Pivot
Joint

15. Name the Joint Type
Ball & Socket

16. Cartilage Some always present
Ossification— replacement of cartilage with bone
Bursae—fluid-filled sacs that lubricate some freely moving joints

17. Tendon vs Ligament Tendon—attaches muscle to bone (sprain)
Ligaments—attach bone to bone (strain)

18. Types of bones
Long—have a tubular shaft & articular surface at each end
Short or Irregular—are variable in size and shape and are generally compact in nature (hand and foot)
Flat—are thin and have broad surfaces (ribs, sternum, hips, scapula)

19. Diseases and disorders
Bursitis—is an inflammation of the bursa, causing pain in the body’s joints
Osteoarthritis--(also called degenerative joint disease) occurs when a joint wears out

20. Diseases and disorders
Osteoporosis— disease resulting in the loss of bone tissue.
Scoliosis—a side to side curve of the spine

21. Diseases and disorders
Fractures—breaks or cracks in the bone
Leukemia—cancer affecting the production of RBCs
Leukemia