2. Smart Substation Transport Services for the Distribution Grid Operator Josco C.P. Kester josco.kester@tno.nl

3. Introduction TNO connects people and knowledge to create innovations that boost the sustainable competitive strength of industry and well-being of society public / private independent industrial innovation information society ICT energy mobility research and development The Netherlands turnover 600M€ applied physics measurements & control technology hiking Energie Delfland electric power systems consultancy research & development ECN 2 power electronic technology

4. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 3 kester@ecn.nl Smart Substation A 10/0.4 kV distribution substation that supports LV grids with distributed generation and demand peaks 3

5. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 4 kester@ecn.nl How will our energy supply look in 2050? 4 Power grid operators face new requirements

6. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 5 kester@ecn.nl Smart Substation Requirements Functional Design Detailed Design Prototype Assembly Laboratory tests Field demonstration (May 2007- December 2010) 5

7. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 6 kester@ecn.nl Inside the prototype LV Cabinet 6 MV Cabinet

8. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 7 kester@ecn.nl LV cabinet 7 3. Monitoring and control 2. Sensors 1. Electric energy storage

9. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 8 kester@ecn.nl MV cabinet 8 Switchgear indicators Smart Trafo - trafo Smart Trafo – control unit

10. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 9 kester@ecn.nl Smart Substation by improving load profile reliability power quality A 10/0.4 kV distribution substation that supports LV grids with distributed generation and demand peaks 9

11. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 10 kester@ecn.nl Lab tests in FPG-Lab May 2009 – February 2010 10

12. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 11 kester@ecn.nl Field demonstration Apeldoorn, Het Kasteel (Jun 2010 - ) 11

13. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 12 kester@ecn.nl Load profile Peak load: - 30% (simulation) PowerMatcher Supply Demand Matching 12

14. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 13 kester@ecn.nl Reliability Decrease peak loads Coordination of local supply* Intentional islanding* * not yet fully tested 13

15. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 14 kester@ecn.nl FPG-Lab: islanding ESI System operating in islanding mode after removal of MV supply (passive resistive load of 20kW applied) 14

16. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 15 kester@ecn.nl Power Quality Resonances: - 70% (simulation) Harmonic Compensation with Virtual Resistive Harmonic Dampening (VRHD) 15

17. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 16 kester@ecn.nl Smart Substation: results field demonstration Tested in an operational grid (‘easy’ circumstances) stable operation harmonic compensation voltage stability flicker reduction Not yet tested controlling microCHPs active power control (in preparation) ‘rough’ conditions Duration test ongoing 16

18. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 17 kester@ecn.nl Field demo: Reference harmonics (wk20) THD 3rd 5th 7th 11th 13th All PQ characteristics within limits 17 very good sufficient very bad

19. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 18 kester@ecn.nl Field demo: THD (May - October 2010) THD3rd 5th 7th 11th 13th 17-19 prep 20 ref 21-26 V 29 harm 30 ref 35-36 V 42-43 flicker 18

20. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 19 kester@ecn.nl Field demo: Harmonic Compensation (THD) Off On THD reduced by 15% 2.5 0.0 19

21. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 20 kester@ecn.nl Field demo: Harmonic Compensation (5th) Off On 5th harmonic reduced by 20% 20 2.5 0.0 2.5 0.0

22. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 21 kester@ecn.nl Field demo: Reference PQ (wk20) V (dips)  freq flicker THD unbalance Not applicable Connection. error 21 very good sufficient very bad

23. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 22 kester@ecn.nl Field demo: PQ (May - October 2010) V(dips)  freq. Flicker THD Unb. 17-19 prep 20 ref 21-26 V 29 harm 30 ref 35-39 V 42-43 flicker 22 Not applicable Connection. error

24. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 23 kester@ecn.nl Field demonstration: Flicker reduction OffOn Flicker reduced from max 0.4 to max 0.2 23 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0

25. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 24 kester@ecn.nl Field demonstration: Voltage stability OffOn Voltage excursions reduced from +/- 4 V to +/- 0.8 V 24

26. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 25 kester@ecn.nl Smart Trafo Voltage distribution at input Voltage distribution at output 25

27. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 26 kester@ecn.nl 26 Flex Power Grid Lab (FPGLab) offers services for development and testing of SmartGrids and power electronics for industrial high voltage (24kV), power up to 1MVA by offering a predefined “bad” grid or load independent laboratory, operated by KEMA, Arnhem (Netherlands) www.flexpowergridlab.com Applications

28. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 27 kester@ecn.nl 27 Key figures make test facility unique  Voltage level up to 24 kV  DC to 75 Hz frequency range  Continuous power up to 1 MVA  Up to >25 th harmonics  4 Quadrant operation  Synchronization with other source  Controllable power exchange  Adjustable loads (0.5MW, 1MVAr) A freely programmable “nightmare” grid 1 MVA 2.4 kHz 24 kV 1 MVA

29. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 28 kester@ecn.nl Spin-off Alfen: ESI Imtech: Smart Trafo 2.0 KEMA: FPG-Lab Alliander: test environment TNO : PowerMatcher Eaton: equipment for sustainable electricity supply, home automation 28

30. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 29 kester@ecn.nl Recommendations Continue monitoring Test active power control Perform test including microCHPs Demonstrations take more time than one expects – even when one takes that into account Significant cost reduction possible Significant volume reduction possible Consider mobile applications 29

31. IOP-EMVT 06101 intelligent distributie station 30 kester@ecn.nl Conclusions Lab tests anti-islanding and islanding tested and approved specifications tested and documented approved for field operation Field demonstration tests with microCHPs not possible active power control not yet working smart substation has operated without incidents since June 2010 voltage stability improved THD improved flicker improved International interest in Smart Substation 30 Questions? josco.kester@tno.nl +31-88-866 7392