1. Drill: Show each step of the decomposition of U-238 thru the following radiations:  

2. Organic Chemistry

3. The chemistry of carbon compounds Sometimes called carbon chemistry

4. Organic Chemistry The backbone element in the molecules of all living things is carbon

5. Carbon Chemistry Carbon is one of the only elements that can form long chains Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds

6. Organic Chemistry Carbon forms covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and the halogens

7. Hydrocarbons

8. Compounds whose molecular structures contain only carbon & hydrogen

9. Hydrocarbons CH 4 C 5 H 10 C 3 H 8 C 18 H 36 C 6 H 6 C x H 2y

10. Nomenclature Naming compounds Rules made by IUPAC International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry

11. Nomenclature Prefix: Indicates # of carbons in the group Suffix: Indicates the type of organic compd

12. Organic Prefixes 1 =meth-6 = hex- 2 =eth-7 =hept- 3 =prop-8 =oct- 4 =but-9 =non- 5 =pent-10 =dec-

13. Organic Suffixes -aneSat hydrocarbon -eneDB hydrocarbon -yneTB hydrocarbon -olAlcohol -oneKetoneetc

14. Alkanes

15. Hydrocarbons containing only single covalent bonds

16. Alkanes All hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds end with the suffix -ane Prefix: Alk- any length carbon chain

17. Alkanes 1 = methane6 = hexane 2 = ethane7 = heptane 3 = propane8 = octane 4 = butane9 = nonane 5 = pentane10 = decane

18. Drill Name & give the molecular formula for alkanes with 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 carbons

19. Alkane Chemical Formula C n H 2n+2

20. Name each of the following: C 5 H 12 C 3 H 8 C 8 H 18

21. Saturated Hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon with the maximum number of hydrogens possible

22. Unsaturated Hydrocarbon A hydrocarbon with less than the maximum number of hydrogens possible

23. Formula Writing Molecular Formula C 4 H 10

24. Formula Writing Condensed structural formula, C-C & C-H bonds understood CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

25. Formula Writing Condensed structural formula, only C-H bonds understood CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3

26. Formula Writing Condensed structural formula, bonds understood & repeats in () CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3

27. Formula Writing Carbon skeleton, C-H bonds omitted C-C-C-C

28. Formula Writing Complete structural formula HHHH HCCCCH HHHH

29. Stick or minimal Structures

30. Stick Structures Line ends & joints represent carbons Hydrogens understood Others draw

31. Draw the following Propaneoctane hexanepentane butanemethane heptaneethane

32. Draw the following 5-butyl-3-ethyl-4- cyclohexyl-,2,2- dimethyl-6- propylnonane

33. Name the following

34. Branched Alkanes

35. Branched Chains When an alkane chain gets another hydrocarbon group substituted onto it Branches: sidechains

36. Branched Chains C C C C C C C C C C

37. Naming Branched Chains

38. 1) Find the longest continuous carbon chain & name it as the main chain. The final name will end with the naming of the main chain

39. CHexane C C C

40. 2) Number each carbon in the chain; so that, the side chains will be connected to the lowest possible numbers on the carbons

41. CHexane C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C C C

42. 3) Name the side chains or substituted groups, & precede them with the # of the carbon they are connected to & a dash

43. C 2-methyl C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C C C 2-methyl 4-ethyl

44. 4) If identical groups appear more than once, use prefixes: di for 2, tri for 3, tetra for 4, penta for 5, etc Examples: dimethyl, tripropyl, etc

45. C 2,2-dimethyl C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C C C 4-ethyl

46. 5) Name the sidechains or groups in alphabetical order, but ignore the prefixes when doing so ·Examples: ethyl comes before dimethyl, e < m

47. 6) Separate numbers with commas, use hyphens between words & numbers, and write the alkanes as one word ·Example: dimethylhexane

48. C C C C 4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane

49. AP CHM HW Read: Chapter 22 Problems: 1 & 3 Pages: 637 & 638

50. Drill: Name CH 3 CH 2 H 3 C-CH-CH 2 -CH-CH-CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3

51. Drill: Name CH 3 CH 2 H 3 C-CH-CH 2 -CH-CH-CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3

52. Deriving Structures from Names Draw the main chain first –Look the name ending Draw the branches –Look the # & group name

53. Draw: 3,4-diethyl-2-methyloctane 2,3,5-trimethylhexane 5-butyl-3-ethyl-2,6,8- trimethyl-4-propyldecane

54. Drill: Draw: 5-butyl-3-ethyl- 2,6,8,9-tetramethyl- 4,7-dipropyldecane

55. Isomers Compounds that have the same chemical formula, but different shapes

56. Types of Isomers Structural or skeletal Geometric or cis/trans Functional Positional Optical

57. Structural Isomers When there are differences in the carbon chains

58. Structural Isomers C-C-C-C-C C C-C-C-CC-C-C CC

59. Structural Isomers C-C-C-C-C C C-C-C-CC-C-C CC

60. Draw & name all the possible structural isomers for C 6 H 14

61. Alkenes Hydrocarbons with at least one double bond

62. Alkenes

63. C C C C

64. C C C C 1 2 3 4

65. C C C C 1 2 3 4

66. 2-butene C C C C 1 2 3 4

67. Problems 1 2 3 4 1 23 4

68. trans-2-butene 1 2 3 4

69. cis-2-butene 1 2 3 4

70. Alkynes Hydrocarbons that have at least one triple bond

71. Naming Alkynes 12 3 4 5 2-pentyne H 3 C-CH 2 -C C-CH 3

72. Drill: Name:

73. Aromatic Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons with 4n+2  electrons Odd # double bonds

74. Aromatic Hydrocarbons The double bonds must lie in a flat plane

75. Aromatic Hydrocarbons Most contain benzene rings or related systems

76. Aromatic Hydrocarbons All have an odor Most are pleasant

77. Aromatic Hydrocarbons Also called: Arenes

78. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons other than aromatic hydrocarbons

79. Benzene C C C C CC H H H H H H

83. ortho-

84. meta-

85. para-

86. Naphthalene

87. Anthracene

88. Phenanthrene

89. AP CHM HW Read: Chapter 22 Problems: 9 & 29-32 Pages: 638 & 639