1. 1 Chapter Overview CD-ROM and DVD Drives Advanced Hard Disk Drives SCSI Drives

2. 2 Advantages of CD-ROM and DVD Drives Large storage capacities Portability Data cannot be changed Sturdiness Special capabilities Low cost High speed

3. 3 CD-ROM vs. Hard Disk Drives There is no physical contact between the CD-ROM and the reading device. Storage tracks allow more data storage. Hard disks are less expensive and getting larger. Optical devices are used for archiving. Data is written to a CD-ROM by creating pits and lands on the CD surface.

4. 4 DVD: A Super CD-ROM Alternative DVD-ROM: read only; holds up to 17 GB of data DVD video: 4.7 GB; holds up to 135 minutes of video DVD-R: recordable; holds up to 3.95 GB of data per side DVD-RAM/RW: slow gaining acceptance because of incompatibilities

5. 5 Connecting CD-ROM and DVD Drives Adapter boards: Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) or Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Sound cards with CD controller on board SCSI host adapter EIDE connector

6. 6 Audio Capability and Access Time CD-ROM ISO Yellow Book standard International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9660 standard Two important values: Data transfer rate Mean access time

7. 7 Installing CD-ROM and DVD Drives

8. 8 Controller Cards Select the controller card before buying the CD-ROM. Use a secondary Integrated Device Electronics (IDE) controller on the motherboard. Ensure a proper connection.

9. 9 Installing an Internal Drive Mount an internal drive in a computer with an open bay for a 5.25-inch disk drive. Have the necessary tools and parts on hand. Connect two cables: one flat ribbon cable for data and one power cable. Check the documentation to connect the DVD drive correctly. For SCSI drives, set the correct SCSI ID and properly terminate the chain.

10. 10 Software Setup

11. 11 Multimedia Multimedia presents graphics, data, sound, and video in an integrated way. The Microsoft Multimedia PC Marketing Council, now the Multimedia PC Working Group, generates standards for multimedia computers. The current standard, MPC Level 3 (MPC3), sets several minimum requirements. Video-capture software provides the interface for importing, exporting, and editing video formats.

12. 12 Limitations of Early Hard Disk Drives The ST-506 interface developed by Seagate Technologies is now obsolete. The IDE/ATA standard is limited to 528 MB and supports hard disk drives only.

13. 13 EIDE Improvements Supports up to four hard disk drives–two on each controller Provides faster data transfer rates Supports CD-ROM, tape, and Zip drives

14. 14 The 528-MB Limit

15. 15 EIDE–Four Major Upgrades Logical block addressing (LBA) Programmed Input/Output (PIO) modes Industry standard command sets Use of IRQ15 and I/O address 170h

16. 16 Overcoming the 528-MB Barrier Before LBA: capacity = cylinders  heads  sectors per track After LBA: cylinders = capacity / (heads  sectors per track)

17. 17 Other Methods of Overcoming the 528-MB Barrier Enhanced CHS translation Fast ATA Logical CHS and physical CHS Direct memory access (DMA) transfer

18. 18 Breaking the 8.4-GB Barrier Upgrade the system basic input/output system (BIOS). Install a hard disk drive with interrupt 13h support. Use a software program from the drive maker.

19. 19 Ultra DMA Ultra DMA/33 can be used on Pentium motherboards. Ultra DMA/66 doubles the speed of Ultra DMA/33.

20. 20 Installing EIDE Drives

21. 21 Other Drive Settings Multiple block reads 32-bit disk access

22. 22 SCSI-1, SCSI-2, and Fast SCSI-2 SCSI-1 supported up to seven devices on a chain. SCSI-2 could address optical drives, tape drives, and scanners. Fast SCSI-2 doubled the transfer rate from 5 MB per second to 10 MB per second.

23. 23 SCSI-3 High performance Plug and Play installation Simple expansion Advanced management tools SCAM (SCSI configured auto-magically) support Connect/disconnect command Tag command queuing

24. 24 SCSI and Ultra DMA/IDE Comparison

25. 25 Noise and SCSI Any electrical signal other than data is noise. Noise spread through power cables is common-mode noise. Single-ended devices are vulnerable to common-mode noise. Differential-ended devices reject common- mode noise.

26. 26 Troubleshooting a Device Conflict Load only device drivers for the SCSI device. Use the F8 key. Try the /? option with the device driver executable. Look in the device documentation. Find the latest drivers. If no solution works, choose between the devices or go to a multiple boot configuration.

27. 27 Costs and Benefits of SCSI SCSI costs more than IDE. The cost may be justified in certain high-end environments.

28. 28 Setting Up a SCSI Subsystem 1.Install the host adapter. 2.Set the SCSI IDs, termination, and cabling. 3.Power up one device at a time and check for problems. 4.Load the operating system, drivers, and SCSI software.

29. 29 Setting SCSI IDs The host adapter is typically set to 7. There is no mandated order. The host adapter manufacturer may preset the ID. The logical unit number (LUN) is used to support more than one device per ID.

30. 30 Termination Termination prevents signal reflection. Newer SCSI devices use active termination; older SCSI devices use passive termination. Termination is typically built in, but some devices require manual termination. Both ends of the chain must be terminated, and devices in between must not be terminated. Most new SCSI devices set termination automatically.

31. 31 Chapter Summary CD-ROMs provide durable, removable storage for archiving. Newer CD-ROM technology provides multimedia support. DVD is an extension of CD-ROM technology. DVD can be used to store multiple formats. EIDE and Ultra DMA/IDE drives solve earlier drive problems. SCSI drives offer performance and reliability benefits.