1. www.balticbiogasbus.eu1 Climate Change, driving force for biofuels Regional Seminar Tartu 23-24 of March 2011 Lennart Hallgren Project Manager

2. 2 ■ Climate Change ■ Peak Oil ■ Energy security ■ Diesel shortage ■ Air Quality ■ Congestion ■ Increase of transportation ■ … Drivers for Sustainable Transports www.balticbiogasbus.eu

3. 3 Global Climate change Climate is one of humanity’s biggest challenges Huge commitments have to be made globally to reduce green house gases

4. www.balticbiogasbus.eu4 Climate change. Carbon dioxide Concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is the highest for more than thousand years It is growing fast Main causes are burning of the fossil fuel, cutting of forests......

5. The oil age – in perspective www.balticbiogasbus.eu

6. 6 Global Warming During the last century global temperature has risen continuously Year 2010 one of the warmest ever Glaciers melts away water level increases Climate related catastrophes increases Flooding Heat waves ……..

7. Interrelation of Atmospheric CO 2 - Temperature 375 ppm (now) 700 ppm (2100)

8. www.balticbiogasbus.eu8 Glaciers of Greenland and South Pole have shrunk in volume and size. Photo: Richard Ryan/Stockholm Visitors Board

9. Oil dependency and CO 2 causes: è Environmental problems! è Problems with security and supply! è Financial problems! Not only an Environmental problem!

10. 10 ■ Climate Change ■ Peak Oil ■ Energy security ■ Diesel shortage ■ Air Quality ■ Congestion ■ Increase of transportation ■ … Drivers for Sustainable Transports www.balticbiogasbus.eu

11. Source: Uppsala University 2004-06-16 “By 2025, we need to find, develop and produce a volume of “new” Oil & Gas that equals 8 out of every 10 barrels produced today.” “The world needs new oil fields!” ExxonMobil

13. 13 ■ Climate Change ■ Peak Oil ■ Energy security ■ Diesel shortage ■ Air Quality ■ Congestion ■ Increase of transportation ■ … Drivers for Sustainable Transports www.balticbiogasbus.eu

14. 14 Transportation, a large-scale green house driver The transport-sector accounts for 70 % of CO 2 emissions Congestion and local emissions

15. Drivers for Sustainable transport Energy Security, shortage of diesel & End of Cheap Oil ? Source: Uppsala University www.balticbiogasbus.eu

16. ■ Finding local energy solutions is a very important driver for nations, cities, Regions, and companies ■ Advantages with local biofuels ■ Local production ■ Job opportunities ■ local energy security ■ replacing oil dependency ■ Stable, long-term contracts for fuel supply and price of fuel possible for operators A driver for sustainable transport Local energy security www.balticbiogasbus.eu

17. ŸScientists and oil industry agree that there will be a shortage of oil in the near future; ŸOil price likely to be sluggish and high ŸCost of emissions rights in industrial/energy sector is booming; ŸCO 2 taxes, km-taxes, etc; ŸIt will cost you to be oil addicted and to cause fossil CO 2 emissions! Financial problems www.balticbiogasbus.eu

18. Are you a part of the problem? Or a part of the solution? Climate Change Oil & Energy SecurityCongestion Air Quality We need Sustainable Transports www.balticbiogasbus.eu

19. Strategically and financially very important for everyone dependent on fuels to secure the supply of renewable fuel! Strategic long term decisions www.balticbiogasbus.eu

20. Only 3 ways to reduce oil dependency and fossil CO 2 from transportation! ŸCurb the uncontrolled growth of transport ŸIncrease energy efficiency ŸIncrease the use of renewable fuels, biofuels

21. Renewable Fuels… …but which one? www.balticbiogasbus.eu

22. Parameters to consider Potential to reduce local and global emissions Quality Availability, scale standardisation Economy Security of supply Future production potential? Ethics, labelling, certificate of origin etc. –Competition with food, energy supply, medicines, –Biodiversity www.balticbiogasbus.eu

23. Local Emissions (PM, NOx)‏ Global effect (CO 2 )‏ Petrol (electric hybrid) ‏ CNG Biodiesel Petrol Diesel Biogas LPG elec- tricity (EU mix) ‏ E85 E 95 H2, elec- tricity (water power) ‏

24. 3 commercial sustainable biofuels Biogas Local waste to fuel Good for local fleets Can be combined with CNG Expensive infrastructure CO 2 reduction > 95 % Biodiesel Many feedstocks Similar to diesel Fuel quality issues Not for infrequent use High and low blends CO 2 reduction 38 % Ethanol 90 % of World´s biofuel Local and global fuel Sustainable volume production Stable fuel CO 2 reduction 71 % www.balticbiogasbus.eu

25. The benefits of biogas Biogas is the most renewable biofuel today waste products from households, restaurants, farms and sewage treatment plants similar to natural gas (CNG) but renewable locally produced Xxx xxx

26. Clear political ambitions and targets is necessary as a foundation for the planning  In Stockholm Visions and Targets are set by the politicians in the County Council and the board of SL: –All train traffic shall use electricity from renewable sources –January 1st 2012, 50 % of SL buses shall use renewable fuels –January 1st 2026 all SL traffic should be 100 % free from fossil fuels

27. National Biogas Strategy Long-term national vision Estimation of national biogas/biomethane production and market potential Set national targets (10-20 year) Incentives to reach targets

28. National Biogas Strategies (Taxation) Higher energy tax on fossil fuels Higher C02 tax on fossil fuels Tax exemption on renewable fuel (e.g. Biomethane) Tax exemption on bio-fertiliser

29. National Biogas Strategies (Subsidies) Investment support for Biogas plants Investment support for Biomethane infrastructure, e.g. biogas grids, filling stations Eco-car subsidies Other ?

30. Regional and Municipal Biogas Strategies (Regional and Municipal incentives) Environmental requirements in transport precurement (Taxi and mobility service) Requirement on eco-cars in all procurements Free parking for eco-cars in city areas Municipal investment in Biogas and Biomthene plants and infrastructure

31. www.balticbiogasbus.eu31 Renewable fuels in Sweden

32. www.balticbiogasbus.eu32 Number of Gas Vehicles in Sweden Personbilar 94 % Tunga fordon/bussar 6 % 32.000 Vehicles 2010, 40% up from 2009

33. www.balticbiogasbus.eu33 Sales of Gas in Sweden miljoner Nm 3 Total 60 milj Nm3 Biogas 2010, up 35%

34. www.balticbiogasbus.eu34 Baltic Biogas Bus Project Thank you for your attention Lennart Hallgren, Stockholm Public Transport lennart.hallgren@sl.se