1. Chapter 9: You, Sex, and Sexuality

2. Sexual Scripts Sexual scripts determine:
With whom we can engage in sexual relations
How we engage in sexual relations
When we have sex
Where we have sex
Why we have sexual relations

3. Levels of Sexual Scripts
Cultural scenarios – recognize influences such as family of origin, communities, etc.
Interpersonal scenarios – recognize how different people interact and relate
Intrapsychic scripts – account for individual desires, fantasies, emotions and intentions

4. Biological Contributions to Sexuality
Infancy (birth to 2 years) –newborns have to ability to respond sexually
Early Childhood (2 – 6 years) – attachment bond assists in beginning of gender development
Middle Childhood (7 – 11) – experimentation with masturbation

5. Figure 9.2: Parents’ Influences on Children’s Sexuality

6. Table 9.1: Percentage of African/Black Caribbean parent –Child Discussing Each Sexuality Topic

7. Biological Contributions to Sexuality
Adolescence (12 – 21) – sexual maturation occurs, menstruation occurs for girls, seminal emissions occur for boys, hormone levels increase
Early Adulthood (22+) – a time of exploration through dating relationships
Middle Adulthood (30+) – 30s and 40s married couples enjoy sex, between 40 and 60 women experience menopause, males experience a decrease in testosterone

8. Adolescents and Sexuality
By the numbers . . .
63% have had sex by their 18th birthday
47% have had sex in the last month
70% of sexually active teens have had more than one partner in the period of a year

9. Figure 9.4: High School Students Who Had Sexual Intercourse before Age 13

10. Table 9.3: Percentage of Reported Consequences of Teen Sexual Behaviors

11. Table 9.4: Percentage of College Students Who Had Sex in the Past 12 Months

12. Table 9.5: College Students and Sex

13. Figure 9.3: Condom Use by Race/Ethnicity

14. Protecting Your Reproductive Health
Sexually Transmitted Infections – diseases transmitted through sexual contact
2/3 of all sexually transmitted infections are found in young adults under the age of 25

15. Figure 9.6: Gonorrhea: Rates per 100,000 Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2007

16. Gonorrhea Also known as “clap” or “drip”
Caused by bacteria that is in the mucous membranes of the body
Transmitted through intercourse, oral sex, anal sex and from mother to baby during birth
80% of women show no symptoms

17. Symptoms of Gonorrhea Women Abdominal pain and fever
Bleeding between periods
Painful intercourse
Painful urination and urge to urinate frequently
Yellowish vaginal discharge

18. More symptoms Men Pain or burning when urinating
Urge to frequently urinate
Pus-like discharge from penis

19. Chlamydia Most common bacterial infection in U.S.
2.8 million infected each year
Symptoms – 75% of women and 50% of men have no symptoms
Symptoms occur 1 – 3 weeks after they have become infected

20. Figure 9.7: Chlamydia: rates Per 100,000 population by Race Ethnicity, 2007

21. More symptoms Women Abdominal pain Abnormal vaginal discharge
Bleeding between periods
Painful urination and urge to urinate frequently
Yellowish discharge

22. More symptoms Men Pain or burning when urinating
Pus, watery or milky discharge from penis
Swollen or tender testicles
Rectal inflammation

23. Syphilis
Syphilis – a bacterial infection spread through direct contact
Symptoms
Primary stage – chancre sore at the site of infection, no other symptoms
Secondary stage – rash appears all over the body, headaches, fever, fatigue, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes

24. Syphilis Latent stage Infected person is no longer contagious
Damage to heart, brain, eyes, and nervous symptoms
Untreated can result in mental illness and death

25. Herpes Viral infection Herpes simplex virus enters the body
Can reproduce itself
Unlike bacterial infections, cannot be destroyed with antibiotics
Oral herpes: on or near the mouth
Genital herpes: on or near the genitals
25% of women and 20% of men have genital herpes

26. Symptoms of Herpes Most people are not aware they are infected
Those with symptoms have a herpes sore within 2 weeks after
Other symptoms
Itching and burning at the site of the sore
Pain in the infected area
Inability to urinate
Fever, chills
Swollen or tender lymph nodes

27. Herpes Treatment Treatment There is no cure for genital herpes
Sores become less frequent
There are types of suppressive therapy

28. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
3 out of 4 sexually active men and women will be infected with HPV
High risk HPV can lead to certain cancers of the cervix, anus, vagina and penis
Low risk HPV can cause genital warts
Spread through vaginal, oral and anal intercourse as well as skin-to-skin contact

29. Viral Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver – causing impairments in liver function
Hepatitis A: spread through fecal matter in water and food
Hepatitis B: transmitted through sexual contact
Hepatitis C: spread through illegal drug use and unscreened blood transfusions

30. Symptoms of Hepatitis Extreme fatigue and exhaustion Loss of appetite
Tenderness or sever pain in the lower abdomen
Headaches, fever, hives
Pain in the joints, resembling arthritis
Nausea and vomiting
Dark urine

31. Treatment
Because it is viral infection, cannot be treated with antibiotics
90% - 95% of the time it will go away
Get the hepatitis B vaccine
Use condoms – ALWAYS
Don’t share razors or toothbrushes
Don’t share needles

32. The Science of Sexual Response
Early Researchers
Alfred Kinsey – founder of the Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction at Indiana University
William Masters and Virginia Johnson – scientifically measured sexual response in men and women

33. Table 9.2: The Phases of Sexual Response

34. Female Sexual Response
Excitement phase
vaginal lubrication, vagina expands, vasocongestion – (filling with blood) – labia minora expand, clitoris becomes erect, nipples harden, myotonia (muscle tension) begins
Plateau
increase in heart rate, blood pressure and respiration, sex flush occurs, myotonia increases

35. Female Sexual Response
Orgasm
sudden release of vasocongestion and myotonia that occurred during excitement and plateau; intensity may vary
Resolution
sexual response pattern is reversed as the heart rate, blood pressure and respiration return to pre-excitement levels

36. Male Sexual Response Excitement
erection of the penis occurs, heart rate, blood pressure and respiration all increase, vasocongestion and myotonia occur
Plateau
sexual tension intensifies, testes become elevated against the body, sexual flush on the chest, face and neck occur

37. Male Sexual Response Orgasm
vasocongestion and myotonia are released, ejaculation is closely timed with orgasm
Ejaculation has two processes
1. emission – seminal fluid passes through the urethra
2. expulsion – seminal fluid is ejected in 3 – 4 intervals

38. Male Sexual Response
Resolution – the penis decreases in size, muscle tension and sex flush disappear, the scrotum and testes return to pre-excitement states

39. The Brain and Sexual Response
Cerebral cortex
the thought center that controls sexual thoughts
Responsible for interpreting sexual experiences
Psychological factors
Cultural scenarios affect how we view sexuality
Race, ethnicity, social class, values, norms

40. The Limbic System Limbic System Located at the center of the brain
Responsible for internal drive for self-preservation
Controls sexual pleasure
Hypothalmus
Orchestrates the beginning of puberty
Control woman’s fertility and menstruation and man’s refractory period

41. Sex in Marriage
Sexual Relationship Satisfaction and Marital Satisfaction
Which comes first?
Can you have one without the other?
Research
Monogamous married couples report the highest level of sexual satisfaction
Communication leads to increased satisfaction
Sexual satisfaction associated with marital relationship satisfaction

42. Sexual Frequency and Orgasm
survey: average couple had sex 6 times a month
1993 General Social Survey: married couples have intercourse 67 times a year
Sexual frequency declines as years of marriage increase and age increases
Orgasms – sexual satisfaction is greater when orgasms occur

43. Extramarital Sexuality
Any sexual activity with someone other than one’s spouse
Clandestine – do not believe spouses know about the relationship
Ambiguous – nonparticipating spouse may know but cannot prove it or choose to tolerate it
Consensual – nonparticipating spouse knows and approves

44. Extramarital Sexuality
Extramarital affairs – source of pain and devastation for the victimized partner
Relationship Counseling
Cope with the traumatic impacts of the affair
Explore the reasons that contributed to the affair
Help couples decide how to move on, such as separate, divorce, maintain the relationship

45. Sexual Dysfunctions Female Sexual Arousal Disorder
Continually unable to maintain or attain arousal and lubrication during intercourse,
Unable to reach orgasm
No desire for intercourse
43% of women report sexual dysfunction

46. Sexual Dysfunctions Male Sexual Dysfunctions
Erectile dysfunction – inability to achieve or maintain an erection
Premature Ejaculation
Lack of sexual desire – affects nearly 25% of Americans

47. Non-marital Sexuality
Sexual dyad – a two person sexual relationship
Married
Cohabiting
Gay
Lesbian
Bisexual

48. Cohabiting Couples
Numbers of cohabiting couples have increased 10 fold since the ’60s
Blumstein and Schwartz research: 1983 findings…
Have intercourse more often
More likely to have sex outside of the relationship
Overall sexual satisfaction

49. Gay and Lesbian Couples
600,000 same sex couples in U.S.
In committed relationships, sexuality similar to heterosexual couples
Lesbian couples engage in intercourse less frequently than married women
Gay couples have intercourse more frequently than any other couple type
Gay men have highest rate of accepted extra-relationship sex of any couple type

50. Other Kinds of Sex
Masturbation – a natural part of life and continues into marriage
Oral-genital sex
Cunnilingus – erotic stimulation of a woman’s external sex organs
Fellatio – oral stimulation of the male’s external sex organs
Practiced by all couples

51. Other Kinds of Sex Oral Sex among today’s youth Acceptable practice
Consider this an acceptable way to experience intense sexual acts and stay a virgin
Oral sex considered an alternative to intercourse as a form of safe sex
15-20% of genital herpes may be related to oral sex
10% of women with gonorrhea became infected through a throat infection

52. Other Kinds of Sex Anal Intercourse/Eroticism
Approximately 50% of men and 60% of women have experimented with anal intercourse
Runs a risk of sexually transmitted diseases such as
Genital warts
Herpes
HIV/AIDS
Integral part of sexual pleasure among gay men