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Published byBrittany Weaver Modified over 9 years ago
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BACTERIA UBIQUITOUS IN NATURE UNICELLULAR LIGHT MICROSCOPIC - 0.2 - 2 MICROMETERS IN DIAMETER; 2 - 8 MICROMETERS IN LENGTH PROCARYOTIC IN CELL STRUCTURE CELL SHAPE AND ARRANGEMENT
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ANATOMY OF A TYPICAL BACTERIUM THE GLYCOCALYX – A SUGAR COAT CAPSULE, SLIME LAYER, BIOFILM –PRODUCED WITHIN THE CELL AND SECRETED EXTRACELLULARLY CAPSULE CARBOHYDRATE - POLYSACCHARIDE WELL ORGANIZED LAYED DOWN EVENLY AROUND THE CELL WALL FIRMLY ATTACHED NOT EASILY PENETRATED
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ADVANTAGES OF HAVING A CAPSULE ADHERENCE NUTRITION SOURCE PROTECTION –ANTIBIOTICS –IMMUNE SYSTEM –NUTRIENT AND WATER LOSS
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SLIME LAYER NOT WELL ORGANIZED EASILY PENETRATED ADVANTAGES OF A SLIME LAYER
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BIOLFILM BACTERIA LIVE IN COMMUNITIES CALLED BIOFILMS USUALLY ATTACHED TO SOMETHING – CATHETER, HEART VALVE, TOOTH, MUCOUS MEMBRANE ADVANTAGES OF A BIOFILM: PROTECTION FROM: DESSICATION, ANTIBIOTICS, BODY’S IMMUNE SYSTEM 70% OF HUMAN BACTERIAL INFECTIONS INVOLVE BIOLFILMS
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THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL MAJOR COMPONENT OF MOST BACTERIAL CELLS MAINTAINS THE SHAPE AND INTEGRITY OF THE CELL PRESENT IN ALL PROCARYOTIC CELLS EXCEPT THE MYCOPLASMAS MAJOR DIFFERENCES IN CELL WALLS DEMONSTRATED BY THE GRAM STAIN
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THE GRAM POSITIVE CELL WALL SINGLE LAYER UP TO 90% PEPTIDOGLYCAN 15-20 nm THICK CONTAIN TEICHOLIC ACIDS WHICH ARE ACIDIC POLYSACCHARIDES CONTROL AUTOLYSINS IN THE CELL
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THE GRAM NEGATIVE CELL WALL SEVERAL LAYERS SEEN 10-15 nm THICK
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INTERESTING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AMINO ACIDS IN PEPTIDOGLYCAN AMINO ACIDS CAN TAKE ON TWO STRUCTURAL CONFIRMATIONS IN SPACE D-AMINO ACIDS VS L-AMINO ACIDS
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DIAMINOPIMELIC ACID – AA FOUND ONLY IN PEPTIDOGLYCAN INTERESTING CHEMICALS THAT EFFECT THE CELL WALL OF BACTERIA. PENICILLIN LYSOZYME
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CELL WALLS OF THE ARCHAEABACTERIA AND THE EUBACTERIA. ARCHAEABACTERIA HAVE NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN THEIR CELL WALLS THERE ARE NO D AMINO ACID ISOMERS IN THE CELL WALL OF THE ARCHAEABACTERIA. ONLY L AMINO ACID ISOMERS THE ARCHAEABACTERIA ARE GRAM VARIABLE
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THE CELL MEMBRANE SIMILAR TO THAT OF EUCARYOTES 50% PROTEIN AND 50% LIPID IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TRANSPORT OBSERVED
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CELL MEMBRANES OF THE EUCBATERIA AND THE ARCHEOBACTERIA –OVERLAPPING LIPID LAYERS –DIFFERENT BONDING IN PHOSPHOLIPID MOLECULES
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CYTOPLASMIC CONTENTS
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RIBOSOMES –MAKE UP MAJOR PART OF CYTOPLASM –15,000+ PER CELL - POLYRIBOSOMES –60% PROTEIN AND 40% RNA STORAGE GRANULES –CARBON RESERVE POLY-BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE GLYCOGEN –VOLUTIN –SULFUR ENDOSPORES
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THE NUCLEAR APARATUS DNA USUALLY A SINGLE CIRCULAR MOLECULE OF DOUBLE STRANDED DNA CAN BE LINEAR AS IN BORELLIA BURGDORFERI
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EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DNA – PLASMIDS DEFINITION OF A PLASMID REPLICATES AUTONOMOUSLY EASILY PASSED FROM BACTERIUM TO BACTERIUM PLASMID GENES ARE NOT NECESSARY FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE BACTERIUM PLASMIDS USED IN GENETIC ENGINEERING
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EXTERNAL STRUCTURES OF THE BACTERIAL CELL FLAGELLA –CHEMICAL COMPOSITION - PROTEIN –ORGANELLE OF MOTILITY –DIAMETER IS BELOW THE RESOLVING POWER OF THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE –ARRANGEMENT POLAR PERITRICHOUS
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FIMBRIAE - ADHESION
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PILUS - CONJUGATION
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CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT BACTERIA
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A VARIETY OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT BACTERIA AND THE DISEASES THEY CAUSE RODS - ARRANGEMENT –ESCHERICHIA COLI – STRAIN 0157:H7 HUS-hemolytic – uremic - syndrome –CLOSTRIDIUM –CORYNEBACTERIUM –MYCOBACTERIUM –LACTOBACILLUS –BACILLUS
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COCCI – ARRANGEMENT DIPLOCOCCI NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE – pp 790-792 NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS – pp 645-646 STREPTOCOCCI – pp 620-622;675-676; 714-715 STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES –SCARLET FEVER –RHEUMATIC FEVER STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE – pp 456;716 ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM - VRE (VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS) – pp 593 –NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS TETRAD/SARCINAE - MICROCOCCUS LUTEUS
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–STAPHYLOCOCCI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS – pp 436;593;615- 20;675;751-2; MRSA, VISA, VRSA –NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS
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SPIRALS VIBRIO – CURVED RODS – VIBRIO CHOLORAE – pp 755-758 SPIROCHETES
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TREPONEMA PALLIDUM – SYPHYLIS – pp 794-799
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BORRELIA BURGDORFERI – LYME DISEASE pp. 685-687
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BACTERIAL DIVERSITY A VARIETY OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ATYPICAL BACTERIA CHLAMYDIAE – PHYLUM- pp 336-7;636;727;729;792-4 OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN THEIR CELL WALL VERY SMALL RODS - 1.5 X 0.2 MICROMETERS ENERGY PARASITES TWO GENERA: CHLAMYDIA AND CHLAMYDOPHILA CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS (STD) EYE DISEASE SEEN OFTEN IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI – PSITTACOSIS CHLAMYDOPHILA PNEUMONIAE
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RICKETTSIAE – PHYLUM -pp 316;687-688 OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES VERY SMALL PLEOMORPHIC RODS – 0.8 X 2.0 MICROMETERS TRANSMITTED FROM HOST TO HOST BY A VECTOR – INSECTS AND TICKS MOST PATIENTS PRESENT WITH A RASH ROCKYMOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
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MYCOPLASMAS – IN THE FAMILY MYCOPLASMATACEAE – pp 333-4; 726,794 NO CELL WALL FREE LIVING VERY SMALL – SMALLEST FREE LIVING ORGANISMS KNOWN 0.3 – 0.5 MICROMETERS IN DIAMETER CAN SLIP THROUGH 0.2 MICROMETER MEMBERANE FILTERS HAVE STEROLS IN THEIR CELL MEMBRANES
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MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE – WALKING OR ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS - STD
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