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2. Section 2: Bacteria’s Role in the World Section 3: Viruses
Chapter 10
Bacteria and Viruses
Section 1: Bacteria
Section 2: Bacteria’s Role in the World
Section 3: Viruses
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3. Bacteria Bellringer Section 1
If you can’t see bacteria without a microscope, how do you know when you have come into contact with them? What kinds of things do you do to avoid bacteria? Do you know of any foods that have good bacteria in them?
Write your answer in your science journal.
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4. Bacteria Objectives Section 1
Describe the characteristics of bacteria.
Explain how bacteria reproduce.
Compare and contrast eubacteria and archaebacteria.
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5. Characteristics of Bacteria
Section 1
Bacteria
Characteristics of Bacteria
The Shape of Bacteria The next slide shows the three most common shapes of bacteria.
No Nucleus! All bacteria are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus.
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6. Most Common Shapes of Bacteria
Section 1
Most Common Shapes of Bacteria
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7. Characteristics of Bacteria, continued
Section 1
Bacteria
Characteristics of Bacteria, continued
Bacterial Reproduction Bacteria reproduce by binary fission, shown on the next slide.
Endospores In harsh conditions, some bacteria become inactive and form endospores.
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8. Binary Fission Section 1
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9. Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Section 1
Eubacteria Classification Eubacteria are classified by the way they get food. Most eubacteria are consumers.
Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria are producers.
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10. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Section 1
Bacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Three Main Types The three main types of archaebacteria are heat lovers, salt lovers, and methane makers.
Harsh Environments Archaebacteria often live where nothing else can. Most archaebacteria prefer environments where there is little or no oxygen.
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11. Bacteria’s Role in the World
Section 2
Bacteria’s Role in the World
Bellringer
Are harmful bacteria more of a problem or less of a problem to people now than they were 200 years ago? Name some major historical events involving the spread of bacteria. Can you think of any recent events? How would your life change if you had to worry about getting clean water each day?
Record your answer in your science journal.
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12. Bacteria’s Role in the World
Section 2
Bacteria’s Role in the World
Objectives
Explain how life on Earth depends on bacteria.
List three ways bacteria are useful to people.
Describe two ways in which bacteria can be harmful to people.
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13. Bacteria’s Role in the World
Section 2
Bacteria’s Role in the World
Good for the Environment
Nitrogen Fixation Nitrogen-fixing bacteria take in nitrogen from the air and change it to a form that plants can use.
Recycling Decomposer bacteria break down dead plant and animal matter.
Cleaning Up Bioremediation means using microorganisms, such as bacteria, to change harmful chemicals into harmless ones.
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14. Bacteria’s Role in the World
Section 2
Bacteria’s Role in the World
Good for People
Bacteria in Your Food Many common foods are made with the help of bacteria.
Making Medicines Many antibiotics are made by bacteria.
Insulin In the 1970s, scientists discovered how to put genes into bacteria so that the bacteria would make human insulin.
Genetic Engineering Scientists can now engineer bacteria to make many products, such as insecticides, cleansers, and adhesives.
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15. Bacteria’s Role in the World
Section 2
Bacteria’s Role in the World
Harmful Bacteria
What Are Pathogenic Bacteria? Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that cause disease.
Diseases in Other Organisms Bacteria cause diseases in other organisms, such as plants. as well as in people.
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16. Viruses Bellringer Section 3
What are the characteristics of living things? Can you think of anything that would be difficult to classify as living or nonliving?
Write your answer in your science journal.
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17. Viruses Objectives Section 3
Explain how viruses are similar to and different from living things.
List the four major virus shapes.
Describe the two kinds of viral reproduction.
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18. Viruses It’s a Small World Are Viruses Living? Section 3
Smaller Than Bacteria Viruses are tiny. They are smaller than the smallest bacteria.
Are Viruses Living?
Not an Organism Like living things, viruses contain protein and genetic material. But viruses don’t act like living things. They can’t eat, grow, break down food, or use oxygen.
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19. Viruses Classifying Viruses Section 3
Many Ways to Classify Viruses can be grouped by their shape, the type of disease they cause, their life cycle, or the kind of genetic material they contain.
Four Main Shapes The four main shapes of viruses are shown on the next slide.
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20. Basic Shapes of Viruses
Section 3
Basic Shapes of Viruses
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21. A Destructive House Guest
Section 3
Viruses
A Destructive House Guest
A Time Bomb Viruses reproduce using the lytic cycle, which is shown on the next slide. However,some viruses don’t go straight into the lytic cycle. These viruses also put their genetic material into the host cell. But new viruses are not made right away. These viruses enter the lysogenic cycle.
Treating a Virus Antibiotics do not kill viruses. But scientists have recently developed antiviral medications.
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22. The Lytic Cycle Section 3
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23. Bacteria and Viruses Concept Map Chapter 10
Use the following terms to complete the concept map on the next slide: bacteria, archaebacteria, decomposers, eubacteria, prokaryotes, nucleus, consumers, producers.
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24. Chapter 10
Concept Map
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25. Chapter 10
Concept Map
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