1. COLD WAR CONFLICTS TWO NATIONS LIVE ON THE EDGE

2. REVIEW US and Soviet Union become suspicious of each other Germany is split into democratic West and Communist East Berlin too… Iron Curtain Korean War HUAC McCarthyism

3. MAIN IDEA During the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet Union came to the brink of nuclear war Why it matters now The Cold War continued into the following decades, affecting US policies in Cuba, Central America, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East

4. OBJECTIVES Define the policy of brinkmanship Describe instances of containment throughout the Middle East and Latin America Compare and Contrast Stalin and Khrushchev

5. BRINKMANSHIP RULES U.S. POLICY The Soviets explode their first atomic bomb in 1949 An arms race had begun President Truman decides that America needs to develop an even stronger weapon

6. RACE FOR THE H-BOMB H-Bomb – Hydrogen bomb with the force of 1 million tons of TNT Arguments over the morality of creating such a weapon The US decides to develop the bomb before the Soviets can The US wins the race in 1952… The Soviets develop their own bomb a year later…

7. THE POLICY OF BRINKMANSHIP Dwight D. Eisenhower – president when both countries had developed the H-bomb John Foster Dulles – secretary of state that was extremely anti-communist Under Eisenhower the policy of brinkmanship, all out war with the use of H-bombs, goes into effect Fear of nuclear war becomes a constant in daily life

8. CHECKPOINT Define the policy of brinkmanship. Brinkmanship, as a policy, is.

9. COLD WAR SPREADS AROUND THE WORLD Central Intelligent Agency (CIA) – uses spies to gather information from other countries. They carry out covert, or secret, operations The CIA responded to potential “unfriendly” governments in the Middle East and Latin America

10. WARSAW PACT In 1955, Western Germany was able to join NATO and build up an army The Soviet Union responded by creating the Warsaw Pact – linked the Soviet Union with 7 Eastern European nations Eisenhower met the Soviets in Geneva to try and develop an “open skies” proposal

12. WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST Eisenhower Doctrine – Said the United States would defend the Middle East against a communist attack

13. HUNGARIAN UPRISING Hungary was a Soviet satellite nation that wanted a democratic government They revolted against Soviet rule The Soviets responded by sending tanks into the cities killing 30,000 Hungarians America did not apply the Truman Doctrine to Hungary because it was a satellite nation

14. CHECKPOINT Which agency did the United States create as a secret organization that held secret missions to stop the spread of communism throughout the world? The was created to weaken or overthrow “unfriendly” governments around the world.

15. THE COLD WAR TAKES TO THE SKIES After Stalin’s death, Nikita Khrushchev came into power. He wanted to spread communism all over the world but he wished to do so peacefully. Competition between the US and the Soviets turned toward economics and science The Soviets got the first satellite into space (sputnik) Americans were shocked by being beaten. The US got a satellite into space the following year

16. A U-2 IS SHOT DOWN The US started to fly U-2 planes, that could not be detected, at high altitudes over the Soviet Union These flights took pictures of troop movements and missile sites Francis Gary Powers was a U-2 pilot that was shot down by the Soviets Eisenhower initially denied there was a flight but the Soviets had evidence This event in 1960 opened the decade to renewed tensions between the US and the Soviet Union

17. CHECKPOINT How was Khrushchev and Stalin alike? How were they different? Khrushchev was like Stalin because. Stalin and Khrushchev were not completely alike because.