1. The Cold War

2. The Allies form the United Nations A. United Nations (UN) has 2 parts 1. General Assembly Purpose: Countries talk about the issues Each country has a representative 2. Security Council Purpose: Responsible for military 15 countries serve at a time 10 serve a 2 year term – 5 are permanent

3. The Allies form the United Nations B. Value of UN 1.Worked to keep peace between countries 2.Allowed countries to talk about issues C. Problems with UN 1. if permanent member vetoed an action = no military action 2. rivalry prevented action (ex: US & SU) 3. newer, smaller countries joined together D. Recreated homeland for Jews = Israel

4. UN holds Nuremberg Trials 1. Held in West Germany 2. Placed Nazi officials on trial for crimes during Holocaust

5. UN holds Nuremberg Trials 3. 13 separate trials with 200 defendants 4. Each Allied country involved (US, Fr, Br, SU)

6. UN holds Nuremberg Trials 5. Most found guilty >> imprisoned or put to death 6. Can be put on trial if caught even today “From the Nuremberg trials, it was made clear that crimes against peace, crimes against humanity and crimes which will not be tolerated. It was made clear that every person reasonable for the involvement in these actions will pay. It was made clear nations will not turn around and do nothing because of borders or boundaries. It was made clear justice will be served in all scales.” - http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cghs.dadeschools.net/ib_holocaust2001/Nuremberg_Trials/nuremberg_contents.jpg&imgrefurl=http://cghs.dadeschools.net/ib_holocaust2001/Nuremberg_Trials/default.html&h=400&w=500&sz=30&hl=en&start=23&tbnid=v_jvcCaWl5vihM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnuremberg%2Btrials%26start%3D20%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

7. 2 Superpowers after WWII United StatesSoviet Union

8. What makes a SUPERPOWER? Large area of land Large population Natural resources Strong military Both countries were strong after the war and they wanted to spread their own governments

9. Hi. I’m Walter Lippman. I created the word “Cold War” A Cold War is a conflict between two countries in which they don’t fight each other directly.

10. So, you may be asking: Well, Walter, what do they do then? In a Cold War, countries: 1. Form military alliances 2. Conduct an arms race 3. Support opposing sides in other country’s civil wars

11. And now, you’re asking: How could this have started Walter? There are two MAIN causes that started the Cold War….

12. There MAIN causes are: 1. Decisions made at the Yalta Conference 2. The differences between democracy and communism

13. 1 st MAIN Reason the Cold War Began

14. The Yalta Conference Soviet Union takes control of the Baltics Germany is divided into 4 sections SU to enter the war against Japan United Nations is formed DecisionsEffects Domination over all of Eastern Europe West Germany & East Germany are formed Conflicts in Korea & Vietnam arise Conflicts over China’s membership

15. 2 nd MAIN Reason the Cold War Began

16. Differences between Democracy and Communism CommunismDemocracy Economic System How leaders come into power Rights given to people Socialist - Gov’t owns all - No private property - No competition Capitalist - Gov’t regulates some but… - Private property - Competition Seizes power No alternatives Elected by ppl Alternatives No civil rights Strict control Civil rights

18. 1 st - SU takes over Eastern Europe

19. 1- Wanted buffer states AND “satellite” nations 2 - Wanted a warm water port WHY?

20. Winston Churchill: “An iron curtain has descended across the continent”

22. 2 nd - Truman Doctrine signed

23. Gave $660 million to help: Help Turkey & Greece fight off the Communists Also said U.S. would fight communism from spreading anywhere it doesn’t already exist… … led to U.S. policy of CONTAINMENT

24. 3 rd – Marshall Plan

25. $12.5 billion to: any country who needed helping rebuilding after WWII SU thought the US was trying to spread democracy

26. 3 rd – Marshall Plan

28. SU had invaded Czechoslovakia and took it over

29. 4 th – US, Br, Fr united their sections of Germany The Soviet Union wasn’t happy. Why? They were afraid Germany would become powerful again…

30. So, the Soviet Union created the Berlin Blockade

31. The Berlin Blockade (by SU) SU blockaded all ground traffic entering into Western Berlin (Democratic side) for 327 days

32. The Berlin Airlift (by US) US & Br flew 277,000 flights: dropping 2.5 million tons of supplies

38. 5 th – Formation of Alliances

39. 5 th – Alliances are Formed US formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization with Britain, Belgium, Canada, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, West Germany SU formed the Warsaw Pact with Albania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, East Germany