1.  The direct manipulation of an organisms genome using biotechnology  New DNA is inserted into a host genome  Host organism transcribes and translates that DNA into a protein not normally manufactured by that organism  Important/Interesting Examples: Insulin(and other biopharmaceutical)producing bacteria & animals, GloFish, GMO’s

3.  The use of DNA as a drug to treat disease by delivering therapeutic DNA into a patients cells.  Good gene is inserted using a virus to replace a mutated gene.  Has been used to treat: Choroderemia, Immunodeficiency diseases, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Beta-thalassemia, and color-blindness in dogs  Speculative Uses: Designer children and curing genetic diseases in vitro Gene Doping to improve athletic performance

4.  GENE THERAPY GENE THERAPY

5.  The isolation, imaging and matching of DNA sequences  Used to identify individuals by matching their DNA profiles  Parental Testing, Criminal Investigations, Identification of suspects & victims, natural disasters, acts of terrorism.  Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into small pieces that are then separated on a GEL.

7.  Using computers to store, organize, and compare the genomes of all living organisms  Uses: Sequence Analysis & Comparison Computational Evolutionary Biology Genetics of Disease: Breast cancer, Alzheimer’s Oncogenomics: Analysis of mutations in cancer Analysis of causes of epidemics

8.  Production of genetically identical populations of existing organisms, cells or tissues  Important Uses: Cloning Stem Cells Cloning whole organisms Cloning of Extinct & Endangered Species  Some organisms that have been cloned: Tadpoles, Carp, mice, sheep, pig, cattle, cat, dog, wolf, camel, Pyrenean Ibex