1. “Bye Bye Blighty!” – ditching the umbrella and other reasons for emigrating from the UK Rosemary Murray

2. 2 Why does emigration from the UK matter? ●Main focus on inward migration rather than emigration. ●Recent interest in emigration from the UK is mainly due to the contribution it makes to net UK migration ●Net emigration of British Citizens grew during the 2000s peaking at around 132,000 in 2007. ●In 2010 net emigration of British citizens fell back to just 43,000 - lowest net outflow since 1999. ●due more to a fall in emigration than a rise in British Citizens returning from abroad although this did also rise.

3. 3 British Citizens’ migration to and from the UK Source: IPS

4. 4 International Passenger Survey (IPS) ●This is currently the main source of data on emigration from the UK and is the source of the estimates shown here ●Office for National Statistics ●http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference- tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-47640http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference- tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-47640 ●Passengers are stopped by the IPS interview team at air and sea ports and the Channel Tunnel as they enter and leave the UK.

5. 5 British Citizens’ main purpose of emigrating Source: IPS

6. 6 Who emigrates? Source: IPS British citizens emigrating- by age groups

7. 7 Who emigrates? Source: IPS British citizens emigrating- by previous occupation

8. 8 Top destinations for British emigration Over the last 10 years these countries have fairly consistently been the key emigration destinations for British Citizens ●Australia ●Spain ●France ●United States of America ●New Zealand ●Germany ●Canada ●Netherlands Source: IPS

9. 9 Top destinations for British emigration Source: IPS

10. 10 Mapping purposes to destinations ●Work and accompanying/joining : All of the destination countries are associated with emigration for work, but particularly ●United States of America ●Australia ●Canada ●Germany ●Study: particularly in United States of America ●Return migration: particularly Jamaica ●Retirement and ‘lifestyle migration’: particularly ●Spain ●France

11. 11 Reasons for emigrating Vary with purpose of emigration and destination but these are frequently mentioned in the research literature ●Warmer climate (sometimes for health benefits of warmer, drier climate) ●Slower, more relaxed pace of life ●Lower cost of living- especially lower property prices ●Outdoor lifestyle ●Culture more friendly for families ●Family ties, ‘roots’ ●Culture more respectful of elderly people ●International study, access to world standard universities ●Access to research funding ●Career, employment, earning opportunities

12. 12 Facilitators and Barriers to UK emigration Economic ●Employment opportunities abroad ●Differentials in property prices ●Differentials in cost of living ●Exchange rates Social ●Distance from family and friends ●Cheap and frequent flights, rail links ●Communication Technology such as internet and Skype, facebook

13. 13 Questions?