1. CHAPTER 13 – GENETIC ENGINEERING TEST REVIEW

2. What type of organisms have been produced by selective breeding?
DOGS, CATS, HORSES

3. Selective breeding produces ____.
DESIRED TRAITS

4. What type of genetic technology is most likely to bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect?
INBREEDING

5. The crossing of buffalo and cattle to produce beefalo is an example of ______.
HYBRIDIZATION

6. What is the ultimate source of genetic variability?
MUTATIONS

7. Polyploidy instantly results in a new plant species because it ___.
CHANGES A SPECIES’ CHROMOSOME NUMBER
PRODUCES A HARDIER SPECIES.
3. CAUSES MUTATIONS

8. One function of gel electrophoresis is to ___.
SEPARATE DNA FRAGMENTS

9. The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called ___
GENETIC ENGINEERING

10. Knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allows researchers to ____.
STUDY SPECIFIC GENES

11. What kind of technique do scientists use to make transgenic organisms?
GENETIC ENGINEERING

12. CAN PRODUCE HUMAN PROTEINS IN LARGE AMOUNTS
What is an advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins?
CAN PRODUCE HUMAN PROTEINS IN LARGE AMOUNTS

13. What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants?
INCREASING THE FOOD SUPPLY

14. The Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut cloned a______.
SHEEP

15. RESTRICTION ENZYME PRODUCING DNA FRAGMENT
What does Figure 13–1 show?
Figure 13-1
RESTRICTION ENZYME PRODUCING DNA FRAGMENT

16. In Figure 13–1, between which nucleotides is the DNA cut?
ADENINE & GUANINE

17. People have used ______ to produce many different dog breeds.
SELECTIVE BREEDING

18. Without selective breeding, dogs today would probably be _____ similar.
LESS

19. Hybrids are often _____than either of their parents.
HARDIER

20. Animal breeders maintain cat and dog breeds by the process of ___________.
SELECTIVE BREEDING

21. A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each _____.
GENE

22. To transform a plant, scientists inject DNA into _____.
CELL

23. To produce a recombinant plasmid, the plasmid and the foreign DNA are cut with ________ restriction enzyme.
THE SAME

24. Scientists use ________to determine which animal cells have been successfully transformed.
GENETIC MARKERS

25. Bacterial cells that have been transformed with a plasmid that carries a genetic marker for resistance to the antibiotic tetracycline _______ survive in a culture treated with tetracycline.
WILL

26. To produce Dolly, Ian Wilmut removed the nucleus from a sheep’s _____ cell and fused it with a cell taken from another adult.
EGG CELL

27. Humans use selective breeding to pass desired ____ on to the next generation of organisms.
TRAITS

28. ____ is the technique of selective breeding that has led to deformities in certain dog breeds.
INBREEDING

29. To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an orange and some of a grapefruit, you would use the selective breeding technique of ____.
HYBRIDIZATION

30. Eliminating an undesirable trait from a dog breed would probably require the technique of selective breeding called ___.
HYBRIDIZATION

31. Scientists use radiation and chemicals to induce______.
MUTATIONS

32. The mutations that breeders induce in organisms are passed on to the organisms’ ___.
OFFSPRING

33. A DNA sample will form a single band on an electrophoresis gel if all the fragments are the same _______.
LENGTH

34. The process of polymerase chain reaction is similar to the process of ____, which occurs in cells.
MITOSIS

35. Some plasmids have genetic markers that make them resistant to _____.
ANTIBIOTICS

36. Dolly is not a transgenic animal because all of her genes are from the ___ kind of organism.
SAME

37. In Figure 13–2, what do the bands shown in B consist of?
DNA FRAGMENTS

38. Which group of bands in Figure 13–2 moved faster?

39. What is occurring in A in Figure 13–2?
DNA IS BEING PIPETTED INTO THE GEL BED

40. DNA IS NEGATIVELY CHARGED
In Figure 13–2, why are the bands in B moving toward the positive end of the gel?
Figure 13–2
DNA IS NEGATIVELY CHARGED

41. BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION.
In what ways has selective breeding been useful to humans today and in the past?
BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION.

42. Explain an advantage and a disadvantage of inbreeding.
BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION.