1. OTEC Environmental Impact OTEC Warm Water Intake: Entrainment Impingement Cold water intake: Entrainment Operational Noise Discharge Plume: Redistribution of nutrients Algae blooms Altered temperature and pH Where will it settle? Biota attraction or avoidance

2. OTEC Environmental Impact 1981 EIS + : update to current oceanographic standards What data do we need? Stakeholder meeting, June 2010 – Oceanography: baseline nutrients, carbon cycle, T, S, O – Plankton, fish larvae: distributions and density – Megafauna habitat use What data is already available? NOAA. 1981. Ocean thermal energy conversion final environmental impact statement.” OME. NOAA. 2010. “OTEC: Assessing potential physical, chemical, and biological impacts and risks.” CRRC. 39pp.

3. Discharge plume: what data is available? The Hawaii Ocean Time Series (HOTS) – 1989 – present – Temperature, Salinity, oxygen, pH, chlorophyll a Gaps in data: Nutrients (1989-2001 only) Alkalinity and DIC at deep depths Trace metals

4. Entrainment: Warm Water Pipe Boehlert and Mundy 1994. Mar Ecol. Prog. Ser. 107:1-13 +Seapy. 2008. Mar. Biol. 154(6): 985-995 ++Poe and Norenburg. 1999. Deep-Sea Res. (1 Oceanogr. Res. Pap.) 46(7): 1201-1220

5. Entrainment: Cold Water Pipe West Hawai’i Explorations Academy Flow rate of 0.8m 3 /s Compare to pilot plant: 25m 3 /s and commercial plant: 500m 3 /s

6. Baseline monitoring Stakeholder meeting ++ – Oceanography : 3 years – Ichthyoplankton: 1 year+ – Marine Mammals and turtles: 1 year – Plankton: 2 years Taking into account available datasets….

7. Baseline Monitoring Suggestions cafethorium.whoi.edu Discrete-depth sampling for bacteria, copepods, total biomass 1 year: Nutrients, trace metals, and deep water carbon cycle Consistent monitoring of CWP at NELHA Don’t forget: Background acoustics Fishing/backscatter for nekton Megafaunal habitat use