1. MP 3 Quarterly Assessment Review
DNA & RNA, Mutations, & Biotechnology

2. DNA & RNA #1
There are four bases in DNA. What are they and how do they pair together?
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
PAIRS:
A pairs with T
C pairs with G

3. DNA & RNA #2
There are four bases in RNA. What are they and how do they pair together?
Adenine (A)
Uracil (U)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
PAIRS:
A pairs with U
C pairs with G

4. DNA & RNA #3 Replication Transcription Translation
Make identical copies of DNA
Make RNA
Make proteins from RNA
E: nucleus/ nucleolus
P: cytoplasm
All: in cytoplasm on a ribosome
E: nucleus
P: cytoplasm

5. DNA & RNA #4 How does DNA determine traits of an organism?
Genes are stored in DNA and read as codons
Codons are for certain amino acids (same in most organisms)
Amino acids make proteins
Proteins are how traits are expressed

6. Mutations #1
What is a mutation?
Any change in an organism’s DNA

7. Mutations #2
Mutagens are substances known to cause mutations. Give some examples of mutagens.
Chemicals
Tobacco products
UV rays
X rays
Radiation and chemotherapy

8. Mutations #3A Original: Mutation 1: Identify _________________________
Explain:
Deletion
A gene (or genes) are deleted or removed from the chromosome

9. Mutations #3B Original: Mutation 2: Identify _________________________
Explain:
Insertion
A gene (or genes) are inserted or added to the chromosome

10. Mutations #3C Original: Mutation 3: Identify _________________________
Explain:
Inversion
A piece of the chromosome breaks off, flips around, and reattached itself

11. Mutations #3D Original: Mutation 4: Identify _________________________
Explain:
Translocation
Non-homologous chromosomes exchange pieces

12. Biotechnology #1
Bacteria are commonly used in genetic engineering. Explain how they can be used in this process.
A gene from one organism (plant, human, other animal) can be cut out of its DNA
Bacterial DNA can be cut
Foreign gene is put into the bacterial DNA
Bacteria express foreign gene

13. Biotechnology #2
Genetically engineered/modified crops are becoming more and more common. List some pros and cons of GM crops.
Pros
Cons
Produce more food for people
Add nutrients to food
Extend growing seasons
Plants can resist diseases and pests
Genes added to plants can be transferred to other plants in the area (unplanned interactions)
Unknown health risks

14. Biotechnology #3
Bacteria can be used to produce human proteins. One example of this that we discussed in class was when scientists genetically engineered bacteria to be able to produce human insulin to treat diabetes so that people would not have to use insulin from other animals any longer. Explain why this is beneficial.
No reactions to animal insulin
Cheap and available for more people