1. Comprehensive Air Emissions Inventory Study for the Calgary Region Airshed Zone Xin Qiu 1 and Dennis Stefani 2 1 : Novus Environmental Inc. 2 : Calgary Region Airshed Zone Spring 2012 Conference Event date: 2012-04-23 University of Calgary

2. Acknowledgements Calgary Region Airshed Zone (CRAZ) Alberta Environment and Water (AEW) Environment Canada (EC) This work is supported by

3. Task: Development of CRAZ Emission Inventories for Year 2008 The work is based on the SSRP harmonized 2006-2008 emission inventories for AEW. Data sources are mostly from:  AEW Industrial Survey 2008  EC 2006 emission inventory  EC NPRI industrial emission database up to 2010  ERCB industrial and UOG facility information

4. Study Domain Emission Inventories were generated within CRAZ boundaries

5. Nine Major Sector Groups Upstream oil and gas (UOG) Electric generation units (EGU) Solvent (SOL) Retail gas station (GAS) Cement (CEM) Other industries (OTHERS) Commercial and residential heating (COMM) Transportation (TRANS) Agriculture (AGR) Definition is as following:

6. Anthropogenic Emissions from CRAZ in 2008 Emissions were generated within CRAZ boundary Point, area and mobile sources were included Biogenic emissions were included Unit in short ton/year Emissions by 9-SectorsUnit:ton/yr SECTORAREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5 AGRCRAZ30412116,80031,6429428,0831,723 COMMCRAZ13,3737,9571,170541,3372,7132,302 EGUCRAZ8953,2783843916215595 UOGCRAZ24,25424,59531,1901,01635,523911777 SOLCRAZ006,9720022 GASCRAZ003,7120000 CEMCRAZ6643,7336903,2671,008496 OTHERSCRAZ20,9154,3692,5091,26036497,22219,155 TRANSCRAZ492,70295,70416,9458752,167212,44730,379 BIOGCRAZ925250,8010000 TotalCRAZ553,115140,009130,20535,28542,913342,54154,928

7. Emissions by 9-SectorsUnit:% SECTORAREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5 AGRCRAZ0.1% 12.9%89.7%0.2%8.2%3.1% COMMCRAZ2.4%5.7%0.9%0.2%3.1%0.8%4.2% EGUCRAZ0.2%2.3%0.0%1.2%0.4%0.0%0.2% UOGCRAZ4.4%17.6%24.0%2.9%82.8%0.3%1.4% SOLCRAZ0.0% 5.4%0.0% GASCRAZ0.0% 2.9%0.0% CEMCRAZ0.1%2.7%0.1%0.0%7.6%0.3%0.9% OTHERSCRAZ3.8%3.1%1.9%3.6%0.8%28.4%34.9% TRANSCRAZ89.1%68.4%13.0%2.5%5.0%62.0%55.3% BIOGCRAZ0.0%0.2%39.0%0.0% TotalCRAZ100.0%

8. Summary of Total Emissions by Sectors The highest NOx emissions are from ‘TRANS’ at 68%, followed by ‘UOG’ at 18% SO 2 emissions are mostly contributed by ‘UOG’ (83%) VOCs are contributed by sectors of: biogenic takes about 39%, followed by ‘UOG’ (24%), ‘AGR’ (13%) and ‘TRANS’ (13%) PM 2.5 emissions are largely from “TRANS” at 55%, and ‘Other industries’ (35%) – mostly from constructions Agriculture contributes 90% of total NH 3 Further Breakdowns for UOG and TRANS are required.

9. UOG Sub-sectors External combustion, including boiler, reboiler, heater etc., (BOIL) Internal combustion, including engine (natural gas), turbine, compressor (ENG) Internal combustion unclassified, such as diesel generator etc (DG) Flare (FLARE) Natural gas process incinerators (INCI) Fugitive (FUG) – area sources Other UOGs (OUOG), including leak, vent, undefined. Definition is as following:

10. Sub-Sector: UOG Unit:% SECTORAREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5 ENGCRAZ5.7%16.5%0.7%0.0%0.6%5.2%5.1% BOILCRAZ0.3%0.8%0.1%0.0% 0.2%0.3% DGCRAZ47.5%56.0%0.5%0.0% 6.0%7.0% FLARECRAZ0.4%0.1%0.0% 31.7%4.0%4.7% INCICRAZ2.5%0.2%0.3%0.0%35.7%0.1%0.2% FUGCRAZ36.5%25.9%73.6%99.5%0.4%73.4%70.0% OUOGCRAZ7.0%0.6%24.8%0.5%31.7%11.1%12.9% TotalCRAZ100.0%

11. UOG Emissions Breakdown CRAZ in 2008 the highest NOx emissions are from ‘DG’, mostly are unclassified diesel generators and small combustion sources SO 2 emissions are dominated by both FLARE and Incinerators (INCI) The highest VOC, PM 2.5, and NH 3 emissions are from ‘FUG’, the fugitive emission sources, including tailings and leaks, etc. Sub-Sector: UOG Unit:ton/yr SECTORAREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5 ENGCRAZ1,4734,54019502554739 BOILCRAZ78209310322 DGCRAZ12,22515,3831420055 FLARECRAZ992112014,52636 INCICRAZ6445383016,35211 FUGCRAZ9,3917,10521,9831,016183666545 OUOGCRAZ1,8131757,421514,518100 TotalCRAZ25,72427,48629,8661,02145,837908778

12. Transportation Sub-Sectors Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (HDDV) Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles (HDGV) Light Duty Vehicles (LDV) Off-road Vehicles and Equipment (OFR) Railways(RAILWAY) Airport(AIRCRAFT) Definition is as following:

13. Sub-Sector: TRANSUnit:% SECTORCRAZ CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5 HDDVCRAZ0.8%20.5%2.1%3.7%11.3%0.3%1.4% HDGVCRAZ2.5%2.7%2.3%2.2%0.4%0.0%0.1% LDVCRAZ50.1%15.0%49.3%85.5%4.6%0.2%0.6% OFRCRAZ46.0%52.8%44.4%7.9%61.4%99.4%97.1% RAILWAYCRAZ0.1%5.8%0.4% 12.0%0.1%0.5% AIRCRAFTCRAZ0.5%3.2%1.5%0.1%10.3%0.0%0.1% TotalCRAZ100.0%

14. Summary of Transportation Sub-sectors The highest NOx emissions are from ‘OFR’ at 53%, followed by HDDV at 21% SO 2 emissions are mainly contributed by OFR (61%); RAILWAY (12%), AIRCRAFT (10%) VOCs are contributed by two of the sectors, OFR(44%) and LDV (49%) PM 2.5 emissions are dominated by OFR (97%) CO emissions are split by OFR (46%) and LDV (50%) LDV contributes 86% of total NH 3 Further breakdown Off-road Vehicles and Equipment (OFR) is needed

15. Off-Road Sub-sectors Agriculture Equipment (OFR_AG) Construction and Mining Equipment (OFR_CM) Industrial Equipment (OFR_IND) Lawn and Garden Equipment (OFR_LG) Recreational Equipment (OFR_REC) Commercial Equipment (OFR_COM) Other Off-road (OFR_OTH) We further define emissions from Off-Road (OFR) sub-sector:

16. Sub-Sector: OFR Unit:% SECTORAREA CO NOX VOC NH3 SO2 PM10 PM2_5 OFR_AGCRAZ3.6%31.0%10.7%11.8%44.0%0.9%5.0% OFR_CMCRAZ10.0%53.9%17.4%80.3%48.7%0.8%4.3% OFR_INDCRAZ8.9%9.9%8.6%1.3%4.3%0.1%0.3% OFR_LGCRAZ23.1%1.0%12.7%1.5%0.2%0.0%0.1% OFR_RECCRAZ20.6%0.7%27.0%2.0%0.2%0.1%0.3% OFR_COMCRAZ32.3%2.5%15.8%2.4%1.3%0.0%0.2% OFR_OTHCRAZ1.6%1.0%7.9%0.7%1.3%98.2%89.6% TotalCRAZ100.0%

17. Summary of Off-Road Sub-sectors PM 2.5 is mostly from unpaved off-road emissions (90%), NOx is mainly emitted by construction and mining equipment OFR_CM (54%) and agriculture equipment OFR_AG (31%); VOCs are nearly evenly distributed by most of the sub-sectors. SO 2 is mainly shared by construction and mining equipment OFR_CM (48%) and agriculture equipment OFR_AG (44%);

18. NOx Emissions Breakdown by Sectors 68% NOx emissions are from Transportation and 18% from UOG

19. NOx Emissions by Off-Road Sub-sectors 54% NOx emissions are from Construction and Mining Equipment, and 31% from Agriculture Equipment From TRANS

20. Total SO 2 Emissions Breakdown by Sectors 77% SO 2 emissions are from UOG sector.

21. VOC Emissions in CRAZ Biogenic VOCs are the highest (36%); UOG (22%), Agriculture (12%), TRANS (13%)

22. SUMMARY Within CRAZ boundary: NOx emissions are mostly contributed by transportation & mobile sector (68%), followed by UOG (18%); the other sectors are combined at 14% In TRANS sector, Off-road vehicles contribute 53% of NOx emissions, HDV and LDV combined at 36%; In Off-road NOx emissions, Construction and Mining Equipment contributes 54%; In UOG sector, combustion sources dominate NO X emissions, where unclassified diesel engines (DG) at 56%, natural gas engine and turbine at 17%, fugitive at 26%.

23. SUMMARY (2) Within CRAZ boundary: SOx (as of SO 2 ) emissions are mostly contributed by UOG (83%), Cement and Rock 8%. In UOG sector, FLARE has SO X emissions at 32%, Incinerators (INCI) has 36%, other UOG emission sources combine at 32% Biogenic contributes to more than 1/3 of total VOCs Constructions and off-road transportation dominate PM 2.5 emissions.