1. United States Air Force Reserve Fly, Fight and Win… I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Dam the mosquitoes...full steam ahead: Garrison Dam Mosquito Management Project, Williston, ND Major Mark Breidenbaugh Major Karl Haagsma Lt Col Don Teig Air Force Aerial Spray Unit 1

2. Operational Mission Locations 2

3. 3 Historical mosquito problem During the Corps of Discovery, Lewis & Clark encountered mosquitoes near Williston in August 1806 Clark left Lewis a note: “Game scarce, mosquitoes troublesome”

4. Williston, ND 4

5. Reported WNV Disease Cases in Humans, United States, 1999-2009* Reported as of 12/31/2009 Year# Cases# Fatalities 1999627 2000212 2001669 20024,156284 20039,862264 20042,539100 20053,000119 20064,269177 20073,630124 20081,35644 2009*66322 16 % 5 % 6 % For the Dakotas 3 %

6. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Scope of the problem

7. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Warm welcome

8. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Williston mosquito larvicide 28 May - 4 June 2009 Application parameters: 230 mph ground speed 100 ft above ground level RA nozzles (24 straight back) 200 ft swath width 0.24 oz/acre (1.5 pints/acre) Vectobac 12AS (1200 ITU/mg) Began at sunrise 6,700 acres treated

9. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Results

10. Larviciding depresses adult numbers in 2009? 10

11. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Etofenprox Etofenprox molecule identified in the early ’80s in Japan Similar mode of action to traditional pyrethroids (sodium channel blocker) Low mammalian toxicity (LD 50 > 42,000 mg/kg) Registered for mosquito control Sept 2008 (Zenivex) Registration was supported by DWFP grant ZenivexE20 aerial label, requires conformational data for US EPA

12. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Methods Pre-spray sampling: NJ light traps Landing rates Monitored droplet deposition Used field-collected mosquitoes for caged bioassays

13. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Williston mosquito adulticide 20 July 2009 Application parameters: 230 mph ground speed 150ft above ground level 8005 flat fan nozzles (10) 2000 ft swath width (1 swath offset) 0.32 oz/acre (0.0035 lbs AI) began 1.5 hrs prior to sunset 24,000 acres treated Winds: 280°/5-8 knots, ground 290°/12-18 knots, altitude Wind direction Williston area spray block

14. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Results Field-collected mosquitoes were: Ae. vexans 96% Ae. dorsalis 3% Percent mortality of caged mosquitoes- corrected with Abbott’s formula

15. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Results Landing rate counts

16. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Results Ae. vexans collected in NJ traps Spray individuals

17. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Conclusions Zenivex was a easy to work with material: noncorrosive and flushed with BVA oil Low toxicity makes it appealing Effective at mid-level rate in high mosquito density environment Price?

18. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Future plans Strategies for increasing the period of mosquito relief include: Increase surveillance and scouting to determine larval development sites and larvicide these areas Increase adult surveillance to determine optimum application time Increasing the size of the spray area to create a buffer zone around Williston Consider applications on Army Corps land Multiple applications Begin at dusk for adulticide sprays

19. I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e Acknowledgements Jeff Keller, Army Corps of Engineers Fran Bosch, Steve Kemp & staff, Williston Vector Control Stephanie Whitman, Valent BioSciences Bill Reynolds & Dean Gaiser, Central Life Sciences Vicki Johnson, Minot AFB Karl Haagsma & Don Teig, AF Spray Flight Air Force Spray Flight aircrews & maintenance personnel