1. Menstruation Through Drawings

2. Menstrual Cycle – Write this in! 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728 Fill in the following: Menstruation Menstrual Cramps Pregnancy is likely PMS Ovulation Breast Self Exam (BSE) Pregnancy is likely in the middle of the cycle PMS Days 22-28 Ovulation Day 14 BSE Cramps Menstruation 1 14 7 21 3 11 17 24 2 4 5 6 9 10 8 13 12 15 16 22 18 19 20 23 25 26 27 28 1-5 Menstruation 1-3 Cramps 7-9 BSE 14 Ovulation 11-16 Pregnancy Likely 22-28 PMS

3. Ovulation - release of the ovum from the ovary into the fallopian tube Menstruation shedding the lining of the uterus and ovum Fertilization when the ovum and sperm meet = pregnancy ovary Fallopian tube ovum Uterus Vagina Cervix Ovary ovum Fallopian tube Cilia (hairs) Sperm cell

4. Fertilization

5. See TB 444 What occurs during this fertile time? Ovulation and a possible pregnancy if sperm cells are present. Window of opportunity for pregnancy Sperm cells can live for 3-7 days Ovum (egg cell) lives for 1 day

6. On your handout notes! Hormones from the brain sent to control the menstrual cycle Ovulation occurs during the middle of the cycle Hormones from the ovaries change throughout the course of the cycle Endometrial lining builds up after menstruation to prepare for pregnancy

7. Hormone levels change throughout the cycle # 1 # 2 # 4 # 5 # 3

8. How Can You Get Pregnant?! PATH 1.Testes 2.Epididymis 3.Vas Deferens 4.Seminal Vessicle 5.Prostate Gland 6.Ejaculatory Duct 7.Cowper’s Gland 8.Urethra/Penis 9. Vagina 10. Cervix 11. Uterus 12. Fallopian Tube (hopefully the correct one!) 13. Ovum Sperm must reach ovum. But… –Ovum only viable (good) up to 48 hours after ovulation 1.Millions of sperm ejaculated 2.Many killed by acidity of vaginal fluids 3.Survivors: exposed to contractions of uterus (like a washing machine effect in the uterine cavity) 4.Survivors: thousands hunted and killed by phagocytes that see them as non-self 5.Survivors: Only a few thousand reach ovum 6.BUT- only ONE winner… Cannot immediately fertilize ovum, usually about 6-8 hours for their membranes to become weakened So…sexual intercourse must occur: –no more than 72 hours before ovulation (3 days) or –no later than 48 hours after ovulation (2 days)

10. Twins Fraternal –Ovaries release 2 mature ova instead of 1 –Two embryos (cluster of cells) that implant into the uterus –Same or different sex –Different genetic makeup Identical –1 fertilized ovum divides and 2 embryos develop –Same sex, look almost exactly alike –1/3 of twins are identical –Same genetic makeup egg embryo