1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

2. Gametogenesis

3. Female reproductive system oviduct (ovarian tube) fundus isthmus vagina cervix uterus vagina fimbria ovary body Major duct ampulla

4. Uterus EndometriumEndometrium (Glands& vessels) MyometriumMyometrium PerimetriumPerimetrium

5. oviduct oviduct: Simple columnar ciliated epithelium &muscle epithelium &muscle

7. First week of development (sexual cycle)  Ovarian cycle & uterian cycle  Ovulation  Fertilization  implantation

9. Sexual cycle (28 day)  Ovarian cycle uterian cycle

10. sexual cycle puberty: Hypothalamous GnRH hypophysis Gonadotropin (FsH, LH)

11. Ovarian cycle FSH5-14(DAY) Follicles growth growthEstrogen

12. FSH: primordial follicule ( 15-20) Primary follicle Secondary follicle Graafian follicle theca &follicular cells estrogen Ovarian cycle= follicular stage follicular stage 5-14 day

13. TGF- ß ( GDF-9)

14. Effect of ESTROGEN - Endometrium: proliferative stage (uterian cycle)= 5-14 day -thinning of cervical mucus: passage of sperm -Hypophysis: LH

15. FSH Ovary: Follicular stage (Estrogenic phase) Uterus:Proliferative stage (Progestronic phase)

16. LH

17. Ovarian cycle (mid cycle) LH LH 14 DAY Ovulation

18. Effect of LH LH ovulation

19. Follicle discharged (ovulation) LH: Graafian follicle (stigma) Barrier: connective tissue, junctional epithelium (collagenase, prostaglandin) ovulation

21. ovulation  Side effect  Middle pain,  Basal temperature

22. Fail ovulation =low concentration of Gonadotropin gonadotropin stimulation: gonadotropin stimulation: Multiple ovulation Multiple pregnancies

24. Ovulation 1-effect of LH A- complete meiosis I B-initiate meiosisII (maturation promoting factor)

25. started 2th meiotic division started 2th meiotic division Produce: First polar body

26. Follicular dischage Oocyte,cumulus oophorous (first row= corona radiata)

27. 2-effect of LH LH:(remain of follicle) follicular cell +theca interna (vascularized) Corpus luteum Progesterone Uterus(secretory or progestronal phase)

28. Corpus leuteum (un-fertilization) Corpus leuteum( 9 days) progesteron

29. corpus albicans Progesteron decrease Progesteron decrease Menestrual period(1-5day= bleeding) Menestrual period(1-5day= bleeding) Secodary oocyte: die 12-24 hours after ovulation

30. Corpus leuteum Graviditates( pregnancy) (fertilization) Trophoblast (initial placenta) HCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin) Corpus luteum progesteron

31. After ovulation(15-28) Uterus : secretory phase Ovary: protestational phase

33. oocyte  Metaphase2  Comolus oopherus  Corona radiata

34. fimberia

36. Light weight

37. Male gamete= spermatozoa

38. fertilization Location: ampulla

39. ovarian barrier Corona radiata, Zona pellucida, Zona pellucida,Oocyte

40. Sperm reaction

41. 1-Capacitation Reaction 2-Acrosomal reaction

42. Capacitation Reaction Epididymis: glycoprotein coat & seminal plasma protein Duration: 7 hours Duration: 7 hours

44. Phase I: penetration to corona radiate

45. Phase II penetration of zona pellucida Attach by: PROTEIN zp3

46. A-Acrosomal reaction acrosomal enzyme (acrosin, trypsin-like enzyme)

49. B-cortical reaction (zonal reaction) Chang structure of ZP Chang structure of ZP

50. Phase III Fused: two plasma membrane of oocyte & sperm (integrins & disintegrins) (integrins & disintegrins)

51. Result: prevent polyspermy

52. polyspermy

55. Fertilization -disappeared acrosomal cap -head & tail of sperm enter to oocyte -plasma membrane remain in the oocyte surface

58. second meiotic division finished 2th meiotic division definitive oocyte =second polar body nucleus: vesicular = female pronucleus (22+x)

59. metabolic activation of egg

60. Main result of fertilization -restoration of diploid number of chromosomes -determination of sex -initiation of cleavage

61. CleavageZygoteBalstomereMorulla

62. Balstocyst formation Blastocyst-blastocele

63. Balstocyst Compaction(3 division) - inner cell mass embryo - outer cell mass placenta - zona pellucida disappeared - implantation

65. end of 1th week zygote morulla balstocyst stage implantation

66. implantationAttachment:  Blastocyst (L-selectin)  Epithelium of uterus (carbohydrate receptor) Penetration:  Trophoblast: integrin 1. Laminin receptor attach 2. Fibronectin receptor migration

67. implantation Time: 6th day

68. Uterian cycle

72. abnormal zygote abortion: early pregnancy (2-3 week after fertilization) 50% of pregnancy: spontaneous abortion = reduce Congential malformation Malformation: 2.3% 12%

74. infertility Rate :15-30% of couples Male infertility: -Insuficient number of sperm -Poor motility Female infertility: -Occluded oviduct (pelvice inflammation) -Absence ovulation

76. Infertility & fertility  In vitro fertilization (IVF)  Gamete interafallopian transfer (GIFT)  Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)  Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

77. In vitro fertilization (IVF) Transfer: embryo Gonadotropin : stimulate Oocyte: late stages of first meiotic

79. Gamete interafallopian transfer (GIFT) oocyte & sperm into ampulla

80. Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)  Oocyte fertilization: ampullary region

81. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) Male infertility: Oligospermia & azoospermia

82. Contraceptive methods (barrier techniques) 1-barrier technique 2-contraceptive pill 3-depo – provera: progestin compound 4-intrauterine device (IUD) 5-drug Ru-486 6-vasectomy & tubal ligation

83. barrier thechnic - Male female

84. 1-condommale: condom: made of latex cover the penis - chemical spermicides Female: Condom: made of polyurethane cover the vagina

85. 2-placed in vagina include -diaphragm -cervical cap -contraceptive sponge sponge diaphragm cap

86. -contraceptive pill -combination of estrogen and progesterone (progestin) -inhibit: ovulation

87. 4-depo – provera (progestin compound) -implanted sub-dermally or intramuscularly -prevent ovulation for 5 years or 23 months

88. 5-intrauterine device (IUD) - placed: uterin cavity -mechanism: not clear

89. 6-drug Ru-486 Cause: abortion mechanism: anti progesterone agent

90. 7-vasectomy & tubal ligation - reversible

91. Structure of uterus Wall:-Endometrium-Myometrium-Perimetrium Puberty: changes of Endometrium

92. Sexual phase =28 days Three phases: 1-Follicular (proliferative phase) 2-Secretory (progestational phase) 3-Menstrual phase

93. 1-Follicular (proliferative phase) Time: end of menestual phase Influence: Estrogen growth of ovarian follicule

94. 2-Secretory (progestational phase) Time: 2-3 days after ovulation Response: progesterone

95. Menstrual cycle Time: 3-4 days Endometrium: shedding( spongy, compact layers) but Remain: basal layer

108. Process of implantation Carbohydrate receptor+ L-selectin of epithelial cell Trophoblast: integrin Integrin:attachment trophoblast to laminin in extracellular matrix in uterus

109. capacitation

111. ectopic

113. Acrosomal reaction-sperm motility

120. Effect of Estrogen Secret by: Follicular cell & theca cell 1- proliferate of endometrium (follicular phase) *2-mucous …., sperm ……. 3-stimulate of pituitary gland LH

121. Polar body