1. Human
Reproduction

2. Sexual Reproduction in Human
testis
ovary
meiosis
meiosis
sperms
eggs (ova)
fertilization
zygote
embryo
foetus
baby

3. MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

4. Vas deferens bladder urethra Seminal vesicle Prostate gland penis
urethra
Seminal vesicle
Prostate gland
penis
scrotum
epididymis
testes

5. Testes For production of male gametes (sperms)
For production of male sex hormones (testosterone)

6. Epididymis A series of tubes For temporarily storage of sperms
During copulation, muscles of epididymis contract to release sperms

7. Vas deferens
A tube that carries sperm from epididymis to urethra

8. Testis and epididymis epididymis vas deferens (sperm duct)
sperm tubules

9. Male Reproductive System
seminal vesicle
secrete seminal fluid
prostate gland
Cowper’s gland

10. Functions of Seminal Fluid
To provide a medium for the sperms to swim
To activate and nourish the sperms
To neutralize the acidity in the female reproductive tract
Seminal
Fluid
Semen
Sperms +

11. Penis Erection- when the penis becomes engorged with blood and hard
Ejaculation- release of semen out of the penis

12. uncircumcised
circumcised

13. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

14. Female Reproductive System
Fallopian tubes
ovaries
uterus
vagina

15. bladder
vagina
clitoris

16. clitoris
urethra
vulva
Vaginal opening
Inner labia
Outer labia
anus

17. Female Reproductive System
Oviduct/
fallopian tube
ovary
uterus
cervix
vagina

18. Functions of Ovary For production of female gametes (ova/eggs)
For production of female sex hormones

19. Fallopian tubes Carries the ovum forward by
the beating action of the cilia on its inner surface
the contraction of muscles of oviduct

20. Uterus During embryo development During birth of baby
Protect the embryo
Provide a constant environment for the embryo to develop
Allow placenta to attach on
During birth of baby
Push the baby out by muscular contraction

21. Ovulation
The release of an ovum from an ovary occurs at around day 14

22. Menstrual Cycle Once in about 28 days
The uterine lining becomes thickened 14 days after ovulation to prepare for the fertilized ovum to implant in it

24. Menstrual Cycle Day 1 - 5 Menstruation (bleeding )occurs
Uterine lining sheds and decreases in thickness to a minimum .

25. Menstrual Cycle
Day
Lining becomes thicker with increased blood supply
Day 14 : ovulation

26. Menstrual Cycle
Day
Lining remains thick to ready for implantation of fertilized ovum

27. Menstrual Cycle Day 28 No implantation of fertilization ovum
Uterine lining breaks down; menstruation starts

28. Female Hormones Pituitary Hormones:
Follicle Stimulating Hormone: stimulates maturation of egg cells
Luteinizing hormone: stimulates release of egg cell form ovary during ovulation
Ovary Hormones:
Oestrogens- from ovaries, development of sexual organs at puberty, role in ovulation
Progesterone- from ovaries, thickens endometrium (lining of uterus), role in ovulation

29. Oestrogen

30. Ovulation
Primary follicle matures ( at any one time there will be a number of them that are maturing and are at different stages)
The most mature follicle and ova at the time of the LH surge release the ovum into the fallopian tube
The “shell” corpus luteum is absorbed by the ovary if fertilisation does not take place in 48 hours of ovulation and the egg will disintegrate.

31. Events Happened after Fertilization
Ovum is fertilized at the oviduct
Fertilized ovum is carried to the uterus by
the beating cilia on the inner wall of oviduct
the contraction of muscles of oviduct
After reaching the uterus, the fertilized ovum fixed firmly onto the thick uterine wall
Implantation

32. Development of Human Foetus
uterus
foetus
placenta
umbilical cord
amnion
amniotic fluid

33. Functions of the Uterus
During embryo development
Protect the embryo
Provide a constant environment for the embryo to develop
Allow placenta to attach on
During birth of baby
Push the baby out by muscular contraction

34. Functions of the Amniotic Fluid
To keep the foetus moist to prevent desiccation
As a water cushion to
support the foetus
allow it to move freely
absorb shock
protect the foetus from mechanical injuries
To reduce temperature fluctuation
To lubricate the vagina during birth

35. The Placenta oxygenated blood from mother’s artery
deoxygenated blood to mother’s vein
villus
umbilical vein
umbilical artery

36. Functions of the Placenta
As a place of exchange of materials between mother and the foetus
For secreting hormones

37. Adaptations of the Placenta
Finger-like villi
to increase the surface area for efficient diffusion
Maternal blood and foetal blood flows in opposite direction
to speed up diffusion of materials between them
Maternal blood capillaries and foetal blood capillaries are separated by thin membrane
to shorten the distance of diffusion of materials

38. Adaptations of the Placenta
Maternal blood is separated from foetal blood by capillary wall
to prevent high pressure of maternal blood to break the delicate foetal blood vessels
to prevent harmful substances to enter the foetus
to prevent clotting of maternal and foetal blood if their blood groups are incompatible