1. Dr Jesme Baird The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, UK and ECPC.
Cancer Epidemiology
Dr Jesme Baird
The Roy Castle Lung Cancer Foundation, UK
and ECPC.

2. Projected numbers of cancer cases and deaths from cancer in Europe
Cases Deaths Cases Deaths
M 1,652,283 1,090, ,859, ,241,860
F 1,405, , ,504, ,531
B 3,057,900 1,893, ,364, ,122,391
Globocan 2002

3. Cases of cancer by age and sex in Europe in 2002
Males
Females
Globocan 2002

4. Cancer deaths attributed to various factors
Percentage of all cancer deaths
Factor or class of factors
Range of acceptable
estimates
Best estimate
Tobacco
Alcohol
Diet
Food aditives <
Reproductive and sexual
behaviour
Occupation
Pollution
Industrial products <1 <1 - 5
Medicines and m. procedures
Geophysical factors
Infection 10? ?
Unknown ?
Doll and Peto 1981

5. North-Western and Central-Eastern Europe
Tudi znotraj Evrope so razlike v incidenci in umrljivosti

6. Cancer in Europe: males, 2002
Incidence (ASR)
Mortality (ASR)
Globocan 2002

7. Incidence of cancer in Europe: males 2002
North-Western Europe
Central-Eastern Europe
Globocan 2002

8. Mortality from cancer in Europe: males, 2002
North-Western Europe
Central-Eastern Europe
Globocan 2002

9. Cancer in Europe: females, 2002
Incidence (ASR)
Mortality (ASR)
Globocan 2002

10. Incidence of cancer in Europe: females 2002
North-Western Europe
Central-Eastern Europe
Globocan 2002

11. Mortality from cancer in Europe: females 2002
North-Western Europe
Central-Eastern Europe
Globocan 2002

12. Trends in cancer mortality (ASR) in EU
Over the last two decades, trends in mortality were systematically less favourable in new than old EU member states.
Most of the unfavourable trends are due to recognised and hence potentially avoidable causes of cancer, including tobacco, alcohol, dietary habits, pollution + inadequate screening, diagnosis and treatment – application of available knowledge..
WHO HFA DB 2005

13. Most common cancer sites: estimated new cases in males, Europe 2002
Central-Eastern Europe
North-Western Europe
Globocan 2002

14. Most common cancer sites: estimated deaths in males, Europe 2002
North-Western Europe
Central-Eastern Europe
Globocan 2002

15. Most common cancer sites: estimated new cases in females, Europe 2002
North-Western Europe
Central-Eastern Europe
Globocan 2002

16. Most common cancer sites: estimated deaths in females, Europe 2002
North-Western Europe
Central-Eastern Europe
Globocan 2002

17. Trends in mortality from lung cancer (ASR) in males in selected European countries
In general, the epidemic of mortality in men appears to have peaked and changed into regression.
WHO HFA DB

18. Trends in mortality from lung cancer (ASR) in females in selected European countries
For women the patterns are different and the outlook is rather alarming. In the majority of european countriestrends are still rising in all age groups, so that the mortality epidemic can be expected to accelerate.
WHO HFA DB

19. 25-30% of all cancer sites in the developed world are causally linked to smoking :
Lung (87-91% in males and % in females)
Oral cavity (including lip and tongue)
Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Larynx
Pharynx and oesophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Urinary tract (bladder, ureter and renal pelvis)
Uterine cervix
Myeloid leukaemia
The observed RR ranges from 20 for lung cancer to two-three fold increased risk
IARC 2002

20. Trends in incidence of colon cancer in selected European countries, 1953-97

21. Five-year (relative, age standardised) survival (%) for colon cancer by sex
Males
Females
EUROCARE-3 Study

22. Diet, overwight and physical activity
A poor diet, often combined with sedentary
lifestyle and obesity, increase the risk of
colon, breast, prostate, endometrial and other
cancers
Up to 30% of cancers probably related to diet and
nutrition
World Cancer Report 2003

23. Incidence of and mortality (ASR, 2002) from breast cancer in selected European countries
North-Western Europe
Central-Eastern Europe
Globocan 2002

24. Trends in incidence of breast cancer (ASR) in selected European countries

25. Risk factors associated with the development of breast cancer
family history and genetic factors
previous history of breast cancer in one breast
fibrocystic disease (atypical hyperplasia)
ionizing radiation
age at menarche and menopause
age at first delivery, number of children
nulliparity
oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy

26. Risk factors associated with the development of breast cancer
Life-style related factors
diet
alcohol
physical activity

27. Five-year (relative, age standardised) survival (%) for breast cancer
EUROCARE-3 Study

28. Incidence of and mortality (ASR, 2002) from cervical cancer in selected European countries
North-Western Europe
Central-Eastern Europe
Globocan 2002

30. Differences between NW and CE Europe (1)
Incidence of cancer in men is higher in NWEurope, but mortality is higher in CEEurope.
In females, incidence is higher in NWEurope, but mortality is similar in both regions.
Mortality in NWEurope has been decreasing since mid-1980s, it started to decline in CEEurope only recently.

31. Differences between NW and CE Europe (2)
Differences in the common cancer sites
In CEEurope, the most important causes of cancer death
In Men - lung, stomach and colorectal cancer
In females - breast, stomach, colorectal and cervical cancer

32. Mortality from cancer (ASR, both sexes) in three neighbouring countries in Europe