2. Circulatory system  made up of 3 parts organ  heart tissues & cells  blood vessels arteries veins capillaries  blood red blood cells plasma

3. Your Blood: Transport Fluid Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells Transports O 2 and nutrients to cells Takes away CO 2 and other wastes Aids in fighting disease Helps maintain body temp.

4. Your Blood: Transport Fluid Blood composition: Plasma: 55% (liquid part) Blood cells: 45% (red, white, & platelets

5. Blood Cell production ribs, vertebrae, breastbone & pelvis  Stem cells  “parent” cells in bone marrow  differentiate into many different types of cells white blood cells red blood cells white blood cells

6. Red blood cells: Oxygen carriers  Bioconcave disc shaped, most numerous  No nucleus when mature; ‘live’ ≈120 days  5-6 million RBC in one drop of human blood  Produced in red marrow of long bones  contain hemoglobin that enables transport of O 2

7. Hemoglobin  Protein which binds O 2 250,000 hemoglobin in 1 red blood cell O2O2 O2O2 O2O2 O2O2

8. White blood cells: Infection fighters  Largest blood cell  play a major role in protecting your body from foreign substances. White Blood Cells

9. Platelets: Blood clotting  Smallest (fragments)  help form blood clot after an injury.  Short-lived

10. Blood vessels arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins artery arteriolesvenules veins

11. Arteries: Built for pressure  Arteries blood flows away from heart thicker walls  provide strength for high pressure pumping of blood elastic & resistant  maintains blood pressure even when heart relaxes

12. Major arteries pulmonary artery pulmonary artery = to lungs aorta carotid = to head to brain & left arm to right arm coronary arteries to body

13. Veins: Built for flexibility  Veins blood returns back to heart thinner-walled  blood travels back to heart at low speed & pressure far from heart  blood flows because muscles contract when we move squeeze blood through veins one-way valves in larger veins allow blood to flow only towards heart Open valve Blood flows toward heart Closed valve

14. Major Veins pulmonary vein = from lung superior vena cava = from upper body pulmonary vein = from lung inferior vena cava = from lower body

15. Structure-function relationship  Capillaries very thin walls; one cell layer thick allows diffusion of materials across capillary wall  O 2, CO 2, H 2 O, food, waste body cell O2O2 food waste CO 2

16. Your Heart: The Vital Pump  Atria: upper chamber which receive blood that pump blood to ventricles  Ventricles: muscular walled chambers which pump blood from heart left atrium right atrium left ventricle right ventricle

17.  2 part system 1.Circulation to lungs  blood gets O 2 from lungs  drops off CO 2 to lungs  brings O 2 -rich blood from lungs to heart 2.Circulation to body  pumps O 2 -rich blood to body  picks up nutrients from digestive system  collects CO 2 & cell wastes Circulation of Blood heart lungs body Circulation to lungs Circulation to body

18. Blood’s path through the heart  1. vena cava  2. right atrium  3. valve  4. right ventricle  5. valve  6. pulmonary artery (to lungs)

19. Blood’s path through the heart  7. pulmonary veins  8. left atrium  9. valve  10. left ventricle  11. valve  12. aorta: largest blood vessel in the body

20. Heartbeat regulation  The surge of blood through an artery is called a pulse.  Pacemaker: initiates heartbeat & generates an electrical impulse that spreads over both atria. Sino atrial node (Pacemaker node)

21. Blood pressure  the force that the blood exerts on the blood vessels  Blood pressure is measured as systolic (ventricles contract) and diastolic (ventricles relax) pressures

22. Control of the heart  A portion of the brain called the medulla oblongata regulates the rate of the pacemaker, speeding or slowing its nerve impulses. Medulla oblongata

23. Control of the heart  If the heart beats too fast, the medulla oblongata sends signals that slow the pacemaker.  If the heart beat slows down the medulla oblongata sends signals to speed up the pacemaker and increase the heart rate. Medulla oblongata

24. waste food Circulatory System & Homeostasis  Homeostasis keeping the internal environment of the body balanced need to balance food & O 2 in need to balance energy (ATP) production need to balance CO 2 & waste out O2O2 ATP CO 2

25. waste food Circulatory System & Homeostasis  Exercise heart beat faster  need more ATP  bring in more O 2 & food; remove more CO 2 & waste out  Disease poor lung or heart function = heart beat faster  need to work harder to bring in O 2 & food & remove wastes O2O2 ATP CO 2

26. Cardiovascular disease  Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis deposits inside arteries (plaques)  develop in inner wall of the arteries, narrowing their channel normal arteryhardening of arteries

27. Cardiovascular disease  Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis increase blood pressure increase risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney damage normal arteryhardening of arteries

28. Cardiovascular health bypass surgery  Risk Factors genetics diet  high animal fat exercise & lifestyle  smoking  lack of exercise

29. Women & Heart Disease  Heart disease is 3 rd leading cause of death among women aged 25–44 years & 2 nd leading cause of death among women aged 45–64 years. Risk factors  Smoking  Lack of exercise  High fat diet  Overweight Death rates for heart disease per 100,000 women, 2002

30. Have a heart? Ask Questions!!