1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 21, part 3 Blood Vessels and Circulation

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 21-4 Patterns of Cardiovascular Response

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Light exercise results in Extensive vasodilation Increased venous return A rise in cardiac output Heavy exercise results in Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles Restriction of blood flow to nonessential organs Exercise and the Cardiovascular System

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiovascular response to hemorrhaging: short term Carotid and aortic reflexes increase CO and peripheral vasoconstriction Sympathetic nervous system elevates blood pressure E and NE increase cardiac output and ADH enhances vasoconstriction

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cardiovascular response to hemorrhaging: long term Decline in capillary blood pressure recalls fluids from interstitial spaces Aldosterone and ADH promote fluid retention Increased thirst promotes water absorption across the digestive tract Erythropoietin ultimately increases blood volume and improves O 2 delivery

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.18 Figure 21.18 Cardiovascular Responses to Hemorrhaging and Blood Loss

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The brain Four arteries which anastomose insuring constant blood flow The heart Coronary arteries arising from the ascending aorta The lungs Pulmonary circuit, regulated by local responses to O 2 levels Opposite other tissues (declines in O 2 cause vasodilation) Special circulation

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 21-5 The Distribution of Blood Vessels: An Overview

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The distribution of blood: General functional patterns Peripheral distribution of arteries and veins is generally symmetrical Except near the heart Single vessels may have several names as they cross anatomical boundaries Arteries and corresponding veins usually travel together

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.20 An Overview of the Patterns of Circulation Figure 21.20

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 21-6 The Pulmonary Circuit

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pulmonary circuit consists of pulmonary vessels Arteries which deliver blood to the lungs Capillaries in the lungs where gas exchange occurs Veins which deliver blood to the left atrium

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Animation: Cardiovascular System, Abdomen PLAY Figure 21.21 The Pulmonary Circuit Figure 21.21

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 21-7 The Systemic Circuit

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Systemic arteries Ascending aorta Right and left coronary arteries originate from base of aortic sinus Aortic arch and branches Brachiocephalic Left common carotid Left subclavian arteries Descending aorta and its branches Thoracic and abdominal aortas

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.22 Figure 21.22 An overview of the Major Systemic Arteries

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.23a Figure 21.23 Arteries of the Chest and Upper Limb

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.23b Figure 21.23 Arteries of the Chest and Upper Limb

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.24 Figure 21.24 Arteries of the Head and Neck

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.25 Figure 21.25 Arteries of the Brain

21. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.26a Figure 21.26 Major Arteries of the Trunk

22. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.26b Figure 21.26 Major Arteries of the Trunk