1. 1111 1 1

2. 2222 2 2  Did your project reduce variation or shift the mean?  How do you demonstrate improvements statistically? VIII-47

3. 3333 3 3  The question one needs to ask during a project is whether the changes made as the result of a Black Belt project have made a difference in the process.  The question is, “Has the project made a difference, and if so, how confident are we that the difference is statistically significant?”  We strive for 95% confidence or better (α=.05). VIII-47

4. 4444 4 4  A hypothesis is: ◦ a tentative explanation for an observation that can be tested by further investigation. ◦ taken to be true for the purpose of investigation; an assumption.  Examples: ◦ Average gas mileage differs depending on type A or B gas. ◦ Probability of death in auto accidents differs depending on seat belt usage. ◦ The type of aspirin determines the amount of pain relief. ◦ A Six Sigma Black Belt project produced significant results with regard to mean and/or standard deviation improvement. VIII-47

5. 5555 5 5  We set up 2 hypotheses ◦ H 0 is called the null hypothesis  what is being tested  must contain an =  assumed to be true ◦ H 1 is called the alternate hypothesis  Based on the data we collect, we must decide in favor of either H 0 or H 1. Which does the evidence support? ◦ You can only reject null, or fail to reject null VIII-47

6. 6666 6 6 Define the problem and state objectives State a “Null Hypothesis” (H o ) State the “Alternative Hypothesis” (H1) Establish significance level (  ) and determine the critical value Collect sample dataCalculate test statistic and/or p-value DECIDE: What does the evidence suggest? Reject H o ? or Fail to reject H o ? VIII-47

7. 7777 7 7  Set up the statapult and reduce obvious variation  Pick a factor that you would like to test ◦ Ball type ◦ Operator ◦ Etc  Pick at least 3 different treatments (levels)  Record data with at least 5 data points each population  Analyze VIII-83

8. 8888 8 8  Set up the statapult and reduce obvious variation  Pick two factors that you would like to test ◦ Ball type ◦ Operator ◦ Pull back angle ◦ Etc.  Pick at least 2 different levels for each factor  Record at least 5 data points each  Analyze VIII-87