1. Welcome you all Dilip Kumar Sarker Programmer 1

2. ERGONOMICS 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8

9. 9

10. 10

11. 11

12. Why Ergonomics? Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) are on the rise with the modernization of offices. As the name suggests, disorder arises over time; they are cumulative. Most common disorders found in the office environment including: Back and neck problem Back and neck problem Eye stress Eye stress Tendonitis Tendonitis Carpal Tunnel syndrome Carpal Tunnel syndrome What is ergonomics? The study of relationship between man and his working environment, with special reference to anatomical, physiological and psychological factors. 12

13. How to cope with? Prevention from the onset, through evaluation of the office environment and proper office design and layout will create a healthy work environment. Eyes should be approximately 24-36 inches away from the screen, where the neck is bent with in a 15 degree angle up or down. Top of the screen just below the eye level. The back and shoulder should be relaxed and in a natural position, with the worker sitting firmly against the back of the chair. Elbow should rest comfortably on arm rest, yet closely to the side of the body, in a 90 degree angle. Wrist should extend from the arms at this angle as well. Fingers are slightly curved upward, where the key motion is gentle and comfortable. 13

14. Planning For an office Planning for an office involves many details including following key concerns: Planning for an office involves many details including following key concerns: Spatial Design and Layout Spatial Design and Layout Furniture Design Furniture Design Electrical requirement facilities Electrical requirement facilities Lightings Arrangements Lightings Arrangements Aeration opportunities Aeration opportunities Safety requirements Safety requirements Communication Communication 14

15. What is Office Layout? The art or process of arranging office is called office layout. The art or process of arranging office is called office layout. Why Office Layout is important?  Increased output  Employee motivation  Less casualty  Customer satisfaction  Image management 15

16. OFFICE DESIGN/LAYOUT Spatial Design and Layout Spatial Design and Layout How you use your space is critical in determining how to structure the layout of your office. Paper work Computer Activities ProjectsStoresKitchen Electrical Requirements Electrical Requirements Lighting Lighting 16

20. Plan for accessible file systems Plan for accessible file systems Allocate space for storage of office supplies Allocate space for storage of office suppliesUtilities Marketing materials Fax Supplies Printer Supplies Copier Supplies etc. 20

21. Electrical Requirements Plan for these electrical needs Plan for these electrical needs Outlets OutletsComputersCopiersFans Fax machines LightingsPrintersScanner Telephone and Phone lines UPS 21

22. Hazards & Fire Fire Extinguisher Fire Extinguisher Water Hose Water Hose Fire Brigade Fire Brigade Dust & Grit Dust & Grit Chemicals Chemicals Explosives Explosives Poisons Poisons Corrosive materials Corrosive materials 22

23. Lighting Ambient Light Ambient Light Task Light Task Light Natural Light Natural LightSound Acoustics Acoustics Air Quality Aeration Aeration Smell Smell 23

24. Performance Intrinsic rewards (outcomes) Extrinsic rewards (outcomes) Perceived Equity Satisfaction Figure: The Porter-Lawler Extension of Expectancy Theory 24

25. High Quality building can increase productivity 10-20% A 1% Improvement in productivity A 1% Improvement in productivity Effective ventilation, adequate lighting, good acoustics and indoor air quality Effective ventilation, adequate lighting, good acoustics and indoor air quality Equals 10% of the facility, operating cost, or the entire utility bill Equals 10% of the facility, operating cost, or the entire utility bill Can increase productivity by 6-16% Can increase productivity by 6-16% Benefit of Good office layout 25

26. Computer Programmer with large work spaces and less acoustics and visual disruption Computer Programmer with large work spaces and less acoustics and visual disruption The installation of new high performance lighting ballasts The installation of new high performance lighting ballasts Performed 2.6 times better than other programmers Performed 2.6 times better than other programmers Has shown a dramatic reduction in the incidence of headaches and eyestrain. Has shown a dramatic reduction in the incidence of headaches and eyestrain. 26

27. REMEDIES  Are your legs often stiff and cramped, do you have swelling and numbness in your ankles and feet? If so, your chair height might need adjusting or you may need a footrest.  Do you feel exhausted at the end of the day? If so, assess your lifestyle habit for possible contributing factor: Good nutrition, exercise, rest and stress reduction. Good ergonomics at home and micro-breaks at work can improve your health and comfort on and off the job. 27

28.  Are your eyes really tired at the end of the day? If so, you may need to adjust your display or lighting and to practice eye fitness training.  Are your neck and shoulders often stiff and sore? If so, your chair height, display or key board/mouse may need adjusting. Check your reach distance and phone posture. 28

29.  Do you feel tingling, numbness or pain in your forearms, wrists or hands? If so, your chair height or keyboard/mouse may need adjusting. Also check your sitting posture and wrist position.  Do you ever feel pain or discomfort in your back ? If so, you might need to adjust your backrest or posture. 29

30. INTERRUPTIONS Understand the main reason people cause an interruption Understand the main reason people cause an interruption Average interruption cost anywhere between 10-20 minutes of precious time a person gets back on track with what they were originally thinking/ doing Average interruption cost anywhere between 10-20 minutes of precious time a person gets back on track with what they were originally thinking/ doing If you late to a meeting do not silently chat to the next person inquiring what you missed. Ask you colleagues after meeting. Never ask the facilitator. If you late to a meeting do not silently chat to the next person inquiring what you missed. Ask you colleagues after meeting. Never ask the facilitator. Be responsible with your punctuality so as to avoid the cause of interruption. Be responsible with your punctuality so as to avoid the cause of interruption. 30

31. Respect your peers time and space. Socialize only when and where it is conducive to all involved Respect your peers time and space. Socialize only when and where it is conducive to all involved If you are interrupted, feel free to let someone know that you need time to finish what you are working on. If you are interrupted, feel free to let someone know that you need time to finish what you are working on. Pay attention to your body language when at your desk. Pay attention to your body language when at your desk. Continue to tolerate interruptions is one of the main cause for people working long hours –----- disrupting family times-----. Continue to tolerate interruptions is one of the main cause for people working long hours –----- disrupting family times-----. 80% of the interruptions generated repetitively by 20% of the people we work with. 80% of the interruptions generated repetitively by 20% of the people we work with. 31

32. Work Simplification Decentralization Decentralization Delegation Delegation Cooperation Cooperation Coordination Coordination Outsourcing Outsourcing Structured Approach Structured Approach 32

33. Thank you very much 33