1. The Cold War: Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid

2. The Cold War Begins Communism (USSR) vs Capitalism (USA)

3. United States Democracy - citizens vote for leaders Capitalist - Citizens own businesses and decide how to run them Relatively little government intervention Problems with capitalism Ruthless business leaders Rich get richer, poor suffer

4. Soviet Union (USSR) Communist - People who seek the equal distribution of wealth Communist - People who seek the equal distribution of wealth Govt. controls society, businesses Govt. controls society, businesses Problems with Communism - Problems with Communism - Lack of motivation in the workplace leads to slow production, lousy workmanship Lack of motivation in the workplace leads to slow production, lousy workmanship

5. Roots of the Cold War 1945 - 1950

6. Yalta Conference Allies (US, USSR, France, UK) decide to Allies (US, USSR, France, UK) decide to create United Nations create United Nations Allow for free elections and democratic govts in areas Axis controlled Allow for free elections and democratic govts in areas Axis controlled USSR fears others will attack and wants some protection - a buffer zone USSR fears others will attack and wants some protection - a buffer zone Soviet Union violates agreement by setting up communist govts in areas it captured Soviet Union violates agreement by setting up communist govts in areas it captured

10. Creation of United Nations Improved on League of Nations US joins this time Has a peacekeeping force Headquartered in NYC

11. Iron Curtain USSR seeks to have “satellite” states in Eastern Europe to form a buffer zone USSR seeks to have “satellite” states in Eastern Europe to form a buffer zone Areas USSR won in WWII became the satellite countries Areas USSR won in WWII became the satellite countries Churchill says “An Iron Curtain has descended across the continent” Churchill says “An Iron Curtain has descended across the continent”

16. Containment US seeks to stop communist expansion US diplomat George Kennan creates a policy of containment Containment meant communism can exist where it already is, but US should try to stop any spread to other countries

17. A nuclear explosion in 1962 as viewed through a periscope on a submarine.

18. Truman Doctrine US promises to use economic aid to help other countries fight communism Stops communist revolutions in Turkey and Greece First implementation of containment is a success Angers Soviets

20. Where is the location? Whom does the bear represent?

21. Marshall Plan US Sec of State George Marshall wants to help rebuild Europe after the WWII Not done in Versailles Treaty Pumps $13 billion in supplies, machinery and food into western Europe After two years of the plan and less than five years after World War II, most areas were back to prewar levels and industrial production was 15 percent above. Weakens appeal of communism

22. Why does the American taxpayer training Europe to ride the bike?

23. Whom does the defender represent? Why would the person want to stop the Marshall Plan from succeeding?

28. Crisis in Berlin Germany was controlled by communist USSR in the east and capitalist allies in the west West Germany - created on June 7, 1948 when Britain, France, and US agree to unite their sections. The capital of West Germany would still be West Berlin, which was in Soviet controlled East Germany. Berlin Blockade (June 24, 1948)– USSR blocked road, river, and train travel to West Berlin in hopes of having West Germany give up West Berlin

30. Berlin Airlift US and Britain decide to fly in food and supplies to West Berlin for 10 months so they did not have to give it up. Stalin gives up hope of stopping West Germany from leaving Berlin in May, 1949. Germany officially splits into two countries by the end of 1949 – West Germany (allied with the US and UK) and East Germany (controlled by the Soviets)

33. Two Heavily Armed Camps Cold War – a war in which two enemies do not actually fight one another USSR (communist) and US (capitalist and democratic) build up militaries/arms and seek allies to intimidate one another North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – formed by US, Canada and 10 Western European nations to defend themselves against the USSR. West Germany joins 6 years later. Warsaw Pact – USSR joins the communist nations of eastern Europe to defend itself against NATO

34. You’ll know what all of this pictures are in the next week!

36. Creation of Israel Holocaust led people to push for a Jewish homeland Great Britain agrees to leave Palestine, and two countries were created - Israel and Palestine Arab states attack Israel right away Israel defeats the attack, and captures Palestine 1 million Palestinian people are refugees - still big trouble 50 years later

38. Communism in China In 1949, communist leader Mao Zedong defeats Chaing Kai-shek and took control of China Chiang Kai-Shek retreat to Taiwan, an island off the coast of China. US recognizes the government of Taiwan as the government of all of China USSR now has a Communist ally in Asia

39. How would you immediately know Chairman Mao Zedong is communist if I showed you this image without labels?

40. Cold War Fears People in the US get paranoid and irrational Red Scare – US fears communists were seeking to secretly take over the US government Blacklisting – many people, including the actors, writers, and directors of the “Hollywood Ten,” were thought to be communists and put on non- hire lists McCarran Act (1950) – required Communist groups in US to register and provide names of members. Truman vetoed the act (“We punish people for crimes, not for opinions.”), but Congress overrode him

41. Hollywood Ten Front row (from left): Herbert Biberman, attorneys Martin Popper and Robert W. Kenny, Albert Maltz, Lester Cole. Middle row: Dalton Trumbo, John Howard Lawson, Alvah Bessie, Samuel Ornitz. Back row: Ring Lardner Jr., Edward Dmytryk, Adrian Scott Herbert Biberman Albert MaltzLester ColeDalton TrumboJohn Howard LawsonAlvah Bessie Samuel OrnitzRing Lardner Jr. Edward DmytrykAdrian Scott

42. Duck and Cover

43. American Spies Revealed Alger Hiss, a member of the US government in the 1930s, was accused of giving secrets to the Soviets in the 1930s. He was sent to prison for perjury (lying under oath). Julius and Ethel Rosenberg – Communist NY couple who were accused of passing secrets about the atomic bomb to the USSR. They were executed despite shaky evidence in 1953.

44. Spies in America: The Rosenbergs Story by Will Patterson

45. McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed he had a list of Communists working in the US government and conducted a hunt between 1950 and 1954. He destroyed the lives of many people before it was discovered that McCarthy had lied about having any list McCarthyism – describes the unproven charges to discredit someone

46. How are the McCarthy affair and Japanese internment during WWII related?

47. Postwar Economy After WWII, the US switches from production of war goods to consumer goods Inflation – during war, government kept the prices of goods down. When the war ended, prices began to rise. Labor troubles – prices were increasing faster than wages, so many unions went on strike GI Bill (1944) – provided billions in loans for returning soldiers to attend college, set up businesses, or buy homes. This allows many soldiers to avoid having to get their jobs back from those who replaced them.

48. How does the GI Bill help stop a post war recession?

49. Truman As President National Security Act (1947) – sets up the CIA to serve as information collectors in foreign countries Upsets Dewey in the election of 1948 Orders the military to desegregate (end separation of blacks and whites) Ends job discrimination against blacks in federal agencies Most famous for dropping the atomic bomb and involvement in Korea Most famous for dropping the atomic bomb and involvement in Korea

50. Be careful where you get your news - election results from the election of 1948 from the Chicago Tribune. Oops!