1. The Early Modern World 1450??? To 1750

2. Problems with periodization The beginning of the Modern Era: 1300? 1350? 1400? 1450? 1492? WHY?

3. The world around 1300… Population Decline and growth Black Plague (@1348) Feudalism in Japan (Kamakura) and Europe Pax Mongolica – Yuan dynasty in China, Kievan Rus under Mongol rule Rise of the Inca and Aztec empires Mali at its height

4. Ca. 1300… Delhi Sultanate in South Asia – rise of Islam, decline of Buddhism, competing power bases. Founding of Ottoman dynasty (1281) Continued decline of Byzantium Trade circuits in Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, South China Sea, Trans- Saharan and across the Eurasian steppe

5. Think about it… Predict what trends will change and which will stay the same. As the world continues to become more integrated circa 1450, predict which societies are in the best position to take advantage of new technologies and new discoveries.

6. Changes in Trade, Technology and Global Interactions Exploration Gold, Glory and God Empire Building Cartography Commodities

7. Cultural and Intellectual Development Renaissance Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Patronage of the Arts

8. Changing Beliefs Reformation Neo-Confucianism Missionaries: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism

9. Renaissance Renaissance- growth of idea of HUMANISM – belief in human potential separate from religion. Patronage of the arts by the public and the church Rediscovery of Perspective by artists such as Raphael in Marriage of the Virgin 1504 Renaissance was a REBIRTH OF WHAT?

10. Missionaries: Jesuits

11. Commodities African slave trade: Note the primary destinations!

12. Commodities: Slavery

13. Commodities: Sugar, Silver and Slaves

14. Commodities: Coffee Coffee beans used first in Yemen and then later in Europe and the Americas European using chocolate technology from the Aztecs 17 th Century

15. Empire Building How do empires rise and expand? What factors at this time will help empires maintain themselves and expand their borders? Consider the impact and nature of interaction with others…

16. Empires: Russia Mongol occupation stalled Russian unification and development Increasing absolutist rule and territorial expansion by 16 th Century – Ivan the Terrible Role of Russian Orthodox Church Peter the Great accelerated westernization process

17. Empires: Ottoman, 1285-1914 1350s – Initial Ottoman invasion of Europe 1453 – Ottoman capture of Constantinople 1683 – Ottoman siege of Vienna

18. Empires: Ming China 1368-1644 Manchu Qing Dynasty 1644 - 1912

19. Empires: Japan Tokugawa, 1600-1853 Taika, Nara and Heina periods (645-857) – height of cultural borrowing from China -Tale of Genji – Lady Murasaki Emergence of warrior class and increasing civil wars Encounter with Portuguese 1543 “Isolation” from West; rise of Tokugawas Tokugawa elite followed development in west (contrast to China’s hairy barbarian mentality)

20. Empires: Mughal India, 1556-1739 Empire based on military strength Akbar – attempt to combine beliefs into new religion to unite Hindu and Muslim subjects: Din-I-Ilahi Indian textile trade – value to Europeans Patronage to the arts--Shah Jahan

21. Empires: England Limited Monarchy and the emergence of Constitutional Monarchy (1215: Magna Carta is the beginning) Civil Wars: –Commonwealth –Charles II – James II –the Glorious Revolution – Bill of Rights Enlightenment Ideas Colonies in Americas

22. Empires: France Absolute Monarchy –King Louis XIV –“ I am the State” –Versailles Mercantilism Territorial expansion in Europe and fur-trading colonies in Saint Domingue (Haiti) and New France (Quebec)

23. Empires: Dutch Dutch East India Company – “universal carriers” In 1660, employed 12,000 people and had 257 ships. Sought monopolies and large profits. North America (fur trade along the Hudson river, New Amsterdam) Caribbean islands for plantation settlements Capetown, South Africa – way station Southeast Asia – spice trade (nutmeg in Banda islands, cloves in Melaka and pepper in Banten)

24. Empires: Spain Reconquista ended with the fall of Granada Inquisition Columbus’ voyage Arrival of Cortez in Mexico and Pizarro in Peru Took over existing tributary empires: labor (mita), silver, gold, and foodstuffs Demographic impact: disease, death, and mestizos

25. Spain

26. Empires: Portugal Search for Maritime route to Asia Advanced naval technology: caravels, carracks, astrolabe and compass Established fortresses along the Gold Coast – sugar plantations and African slave labor Indian Ocean trade and Da Gama: Malindi, Sofala and Kilwa, Calicut and Goa, and later Macao Atlantic trade with conquest of Brazil – sugar plantation

27. Brazil, plantation colony Portuguese due to Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 African slave labor used to support the plantation complex (sugar) Largest producer of sugar in world first half of 17 th C.

28. Empires: African Characteristics of: –Stateless societies - organized around kinship, often larger than states, forms of government –Large centralized states – increased unity came from linguistic base – Bantu, Christianity and Islam, as well as indigenous beliefs –Trade – markets, international commerce, taxed trade of unprocessed goods. OYO--BENIN--KONGO--ASANTE

29. Cartographic Changes

30. Gender and Empire Changing roles Reigning queens Domestic work

31. Demographic and Environmental Changes Predict what the consequences of increased integration and empire building be on population? On the environment? Think long and short term.

32. Comparisons Be able to compare the following: Imperial systems: European monarchy vs. a land-based Asian empire; sea-based empire vs. land-based Coercive labor systems Empire building in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Europe Russia’s interaction with the west compared to others

33. Conclusions What are the major themes that seem apparent? What global processes are in action? Suggest the best possible ways to learn case studies of these global forces.