1. Why is the tourism sector not favoured as a route to development? Magnitudes and dimensions Tourism and development Negative influences

2. Tourism is defined by the World Tourism Organization as “the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes” Alternatively “The definition of a tourist is a temporary visitor staying at least twenty-four hours in the community visited for a purpose classified as either holiday (recreation, leisure, sport and visit to family, friends or relatives), business, official mission, convention or health reasons”.

3. Source: World Tourism Organization

4. TOP TEN INTERNATIONAL DESTINATIONS, 2004 (mn) World arrivals760 France 75 Spain 54 USA 46 China 41 Italy 37 UK 28 Hong Kong 22 Mexico 21 Germany 20 Austria 19 Source: WTO 48%

5. Source: World Tourism Organization

6. RELATIVE AIR FARE COSTS NEW YORK-LONDON RETURN, 1946 AND 2004 19462004 Air ticket price ($)6,500 600 Average weekly earnings ($) 46 638 No of weeks’ earnings required to buy the ticket 141 0.94 Source: Bower J. - The Geographical Implications of Several International Jet Aircraft; Travel Research International

7. DOMESTIC TOURISM EXAMPLES USA 20021,021 MILLION DOMESTIC TRIPS of whichLeisure 77% Business 12% CHINA 2000744 mn domestic trips 2002878 mn domestic trips worth US$46.7 BN 2003870 mn domestic trips worth US$41.5 bn

8. Source: WTTC

11. Agricultural Produce US$674 bn 7.3%

12. 16 5 5 8 18 26 North America Major tourism flows within and into Europe, 2000 (million arrivals) Northern 23 All northern Europe Southern Europe Mediterranean (northern coast) North East Asia Western 14 7 Central & Eastern Eastern Med. 116 77

13. 5 8 5 10 4 8 4 23 8 15 North America Caribbean Europe North East Asia South East Asia Major international tourism flows, 2000 (million arrivals) 5

14. SMALL ISLAND STATES Small, open economies Declining agriculture Unstable/negligible manufacturing Service industries – financial services and tourism

15. Source: WTTC %

16. TOURISM IN TANZANIA 1995 – 7.5% of GDP, 25% of export earnings 2002 – (Master Plan data) 16% of GDP, 40% of export earnings, 30,000 direct jobs 2002 – 500,000 arrivals, 340,000 holiday, 130,000 business, 32,000 other 80% of holidaymakers come for wildlife; 40% of arrivals come from Kenya

17. A MICRO-EXAMPLE FROM TANZANIA Ololsokwan village Annual rent $25,000 rising @ 5% pa Bed-night fee $3.15 plus landing fees Income from this around $38,000 pa to village Also built a simple campsite used by tour operators Brings in another $18,000 pa Village Council income 1995 - £2,500; 2000-2002 average - $57,000; tourism 90% of council income Funds schools, dispensaries, village office, grants to healthcare and for secondary school/university fees Not perfect, but…………………..

18. TOURISM’S NEGATIVES Environmental impact Transport and pollution Utility consumption Built environment Social impact Rich people/poor countries Low quality jobs? Behaviour e.g. Greece, Dublin, Latvia Opportunity cost issues

19. Source: Websites 3,450 750 104