1. Slide 1 Section 3.1 The Elements Objectives: To learn about the relative abundances of the elements To learn the names of some elements To learn the symbols of some elements

2. Slide 2 Chapter 3 Elements Elements Atoms Atoms Ions Ions

3. Slide 3 Abundance of Elements Distribution of the 18 Most Abundant Elements in the Earth’s Crust, Oceans and Atmosphere Element Mass % Element Oxygen49.2Titanium0.58 Silicon25.7Chlorine0.19 Aluminum7.5Phosphorus0.11 Iron4.71Manganese0.09 Calcium3.39Carbon0.08 Sodium2.63Sulfur0.06 Potassium2.40Barium0.04 Magnesium1.93Nitrogen0.03 Hydrogen0.87Fluorine0.03 All others 0.49

4. Slide 4 Abundance of Elements Top Ten Elements in the Human Body Element Mass % Oxygen65.0 Carbon18.0 Hydrogen10.0 Nitrogen3.0 Calcium1.4 Phosphorus1.0 Magnesium0.5 Potassium0.34 Sulfur0.26 Sodium0.14

5. Slide 5 What is an element, anyway?  Microscopic Form – Single Atom of an element  Macroscopic Form – Sample of an element large enough to weigh on a balance  Generic Form – When we say the human body contains the element sodium, we do not mean that free elemental sodium is present. Rather, we mean that atoms of these elements are present in some form.

6. Slide 6 Trace Elements In our bodies  Chromium – assists in metabolism of sugar  Cobalt – found in Vitamin B 12  Iodine – vital for proper thyroid function  Manganese – helps maintain calcium levels in bones  Copper – Helps in production of red blood cells In behavior  Lithium – bipolar disorder,  Cobalt – study in Illinois prison shows an inverse relationship between traces of cobalt in prisoners hair and violence  Copper – Helps in production of red blood cells

7. Slide 7 Element Symbols Names and Symbols of the Most Common Elements ElementSymbolElementSymbolElementSymbol IronFeHydrogenHAluminumAl TinSbHeliumHePhosphorusP IodineILithiumLiChlorineCl SiliconSiSulfurSArgonAr BoronBCarbonCPotassiumK LeadPbNitrogenNCalciumCa SodiumNaOxygenOBromineBr MagnesiumMgFluorineFSilverAg MercuryHgNeonNeGoldAu