1. Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins

2. What did you eat for breakfast today?
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

3. This unit is the property of Ryan P. Murphy copyright 2010
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

4. This unit will help you understand the make-up of complex molecules.
Goal: By the end of the of this unit you should be able to describe, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids.
This unit will help you understand the make-up of complex molecules.

5. Area of Focus: SPONCH
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6. 25 of the 100+ elements are essential for life.
SPONCH elements are the most biologically important.
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7. 25 of the 100+ elements are essential for life.
SPONCH elements are the most biologically important.
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8. 25 of the 100+ elements in the world are essential for life.
SPONCH elements are the most biologically important.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

9. C Organic Chemistry: The chemistry of carbon compounds.
Carbon is the duct tape of life. It holds everything together. C

10. Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace
P. Phosphorus %
O. Oxygen %
N. Nitrogen %
C. Carbon %
H. Hydrogen %
Other (Trace) %
Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

11. Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace
P. Phosphorus %
O. Oxygen %
N. Nitrogen %
C. Carbon %
H. Hydrogen %
Other (Trace) %
Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

12. Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace
P. Phosphorus %
O. Oxygen %
N. Nitrogen %
C. Carbon %
H. Hydrogen %
Other (Trace) %
Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

13. Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace
P. Phosphorus %
O. Oxygen %
N. Nitrogen %
C. Carbon %
H. Hydrogen %
Other (Trace) %
Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

14. Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things. S. Sulfur Trace
P. Phosphorus %
O. Oxygen %
N. Nitrogen %
C. Carbon %
H. Hydrogen %
Other (Trace) %
Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

15. Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.
S. Sulfur Trace
P. Phosphorus %
O. Oxygen %
N. Nitrogen %
C. Carbon %
H. Hydrogen %
Other (Trace) %
Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

16. Percentage of SPONCH elements in living things.
S. Sulfur Trace
P. Phosphorus %
O. Oxygen %
N. Nitrogen %
C. Carbon %
H. Hydrogen %
Other (Trace) %
Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Selenium, Molybdenum, Fluorine, Chlorine, Iodine, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron Lithium, Strontium, Aluminum, Silicon, Lead, Vanadium, Arsenic, Bromine
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

17. Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
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18. Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
65% Oxygen
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19. Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
18.5% Carbon
65% Oxygen
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20. 10% Hydrogen 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen
Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
10% Hydrogen
18.5% Carbon
65% Oxygen
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21. 1% Phosphorus 10% Hydrogen 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen
Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
1% Phosphorus
10% Hydrogen
18.5% Carbon
65% Oxygen
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22. Trace 3% 1% Phosphorus 10% Hydrogen 18.5% Carbon 65% Oxygen
Activity! Please complete an animal graph of the data you have just gathered.
Trace 3%
1% Phosphorus
10% Hydrogen
18.5% Carbon
65% Oxygen
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23. We now know what SPONCH is, what do you think the SPONCH CaFe is?
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24. The next most important elements for life.
Ca= Calcium
Fe= Iron
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25. DNA SPONCH molecules make Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1 Protein (SONCH)
Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)
Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)
DNA
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26. SPONCH molecules make Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1 Protein (SONCH)
Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)
Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

27. SPONCH molecules make Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1 Protein (SONCH)
Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)
Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

28. SPONCH molecules make Carbohydrates (CHO) 1:2:1 Protein (SONCH)
Lipids (fat) (CH with a few O)
Nucleic Acids DNA (SPONCH)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

29. Carbohydrates
Function = fuel supply…ENERGY!

30. Glucose Monomers Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Carbohydrates (sugars) SPONCH
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31. (plants only…cellulose)
Carbohydrates
Function (use):
Main source of energy
Structural purposes
(plants only…cellulose)

32. (Grains, Plant Cell Walls)
Carbohydrates
Complex
Simple
Monosaccharides
Fructose, Glucose
(Fruit and Sugar)
Polysaccharides
Starch, Cellulose
(Grains, Plant Cell Walls)

33. 6 1:2:1 ratio for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
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34. Common sugars tend to end in “ose” Ex –glucose.
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35. Can you find the sugar below?
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36. Answer: Fructose
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41. The Glucose Song.
What are some the functions of sugar to the human body described in the song / video?

42. Cellulose: The Cell Walls in plants.
Strong sugar woven sugar that allows plants to be very tall.
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44. Chitin – Insect exoskeleton

45. Starch is a complex sugar
(longer lasting energy)
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46. Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women.
Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the Saltine to make a face.
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47. Activity! Making Saltine Man / Women.
Add drops of diluted iodine in water onto the Saltine to make a face.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

48. Activity! Testing for the presence of starch.
Iodine turns black when in the presence of starch.
Draw a picture of each test tube and make a prediction as to which one contains starch.
Test the samples on your tray with one drop of Iodine. Which have starch and which do not?
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49. There are two types of sugars-
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50. Simple Sugars: Broken down quickly.
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51. Complex Sugars: Starch / Fiber / Glycogen / Cellulose / Chitin.
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52. Starch is a major component of bread.
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53. Starch is a major component of bread.
We can find starch in breads and pasta, vegetables, and tubers like potatoes and yams.
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54. Candy bars have lots of simple sugars such as glucose and fructose.

55. Which picture represents simple sugars?B

56. A B Glucose Fructose Complex Sugars Starch
Which picture represents simple sugars? A B
Glucose
Fructose
Complex Sugars
Starch

57. What types of food should you eat before an athletic event?
The night before vs. game time.
Should you eat the same things, different, talk it over and explain.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

58. Answer: Simple sugars such as a candy bar or sugar drink will give you quick short burst of energy, while complex sugars such as starch are longer lasting energy but require more time to break down.

59. Answer: Simple sugars such as a candy bar or sugar drink will give you quick short burst of energy, while complex sugars such as starch are longer lasting energy and require more time to break down.

60. Eat Complex the night before, more simple during the event.
Simple sugars can be broken down quickly for short energy, Complex sugars have more energy, but it takes longer to break them down.
Eat Complex the night before, more simple during the event.
A spaghetti dinner during halftime won’t help you.
A candy bar the night before won’t help you.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

62. Types of sugars Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
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63. Types of sugars Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

64. Types of sugars Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

65. Types of sugars Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
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66. Monosaccharide: One sugar
Glucose / Fructose.
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67. Monosaccharide: One sugar
Glucose / Fructose.
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68. Disaccharides – two sugars.
Lactose, Sucrose.
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69. Disaccharides – two sugars.
Lactose, Sucrose.
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80. Polysaccharides: Many sugars linked together.
Complex Sugars.
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81. Polysaccharides: Many sugars linked together.
Complex Sugars.
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82. Glycogen: The storage form of glucose, comes from starch in plants.
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83. Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide?B C

84. Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide?B C

85. Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide?B C
Polysaccharide

86. Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide?B C
Polysaccharide

87. A B C Polysaccharide disaccharide
Which is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide? A B C
Polysaccharide
disaccharide

88. Carbohydrates: Monomers
Monomer is “monosaccharide”
C:H:O is 1:2:1 ratio
Monomers are “useable” form of energy

89. Carbohydrates: Polymers
Called “polysaccharides”
Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose

90. Lipids
Hydrophobic!
Cell membranes
Energy storage
Messengers

91. Lipids: Monomers
Called “fatty acids”

92. Lipids: Polymers Triglyceride Phospholipid glyceride glyceride
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid
Fatty Acid

93. Protein Function: Many! Structural (make hair, nails, muscle, etc)
Enzymes (lower activation energy to make reactions easier)
Defense proteins in the blood

94. Protein: Monomer Called “amino acid”—there are 20 types 3 parts
Amino group
Carboxyl group
Side chain (makes each amino acid unique)

95. Protein: Polymer Called the “polypeptide”
A lot of amino acids linked together via peptide bonds

96. Nucleic Acids
Function: To store and transfer all information within a cell and within an organism.
It is the basis of “GENETICS”
It tells how a cell or organism built and programmed.

97. Nucleic Acids: Monomer
Called “nucleic acids”
3 parts:
Phosphate group
Pentose Sugar
Nitrogenous Base (A,T, G, C) : makes 4 types!

98. Nucleic Acids: Polymer
DNA
The instruction manual on how the cell/organism is built.
RNA
The person who reads the instructions and works to build it.