1. Chemistry of Life

2. Everything, whether it is a rock, dog, car, or flower, is made of incredibly small particles called __________. atoms

3. An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. How many atoms could fit in a space the size of a period? _________________ millions of atoms

4. Matter is anything that has ___________ and occupies ________. mass space

5. 0 -1 Although there is a huge variety of matter on earth, all atoms share the same basic structure. Atoms consist of three types of smaller particles: _______________ are positively charged (+1) _______________ are neutral (no charge, 0) _______________ are negatively charged (-1) electrons neutrons protons protons neutrons electrons

6. The __________ is the area in the center of the atom with a positive charge that contains ____________ and ______________. nucleus protonsneutrons nucleus

7. What is the charge of a proton? _____ What is the charge of a electron? _____ What is the charge of a neutron? _____ +1 0

8. Atoms are neutral because they have the same number protons as electrons. number of protonsnumber of electrons = How many protons in this atom? _____ 3 How many electrons in this atom? _____ 3 What is the overall charge of this atom? ______________ += 0(+3)(-3)

9. Are all atoms identical? ______ How does one atom differ from another atom? ____________________________ no In the number of protons and electrons

10. The Atom Hydrogen atomHelium atom # protons = ____ # protons = ___ # neutrons = ____ # electrons = ____ overall charge = __________ # neutrons = ____ # electrons = ____ overall charge = __________ 1 0 1 +1 + (-1) = 0 2 2 2 +2 + (-2) = 0

11. Element Key 6 C Carbon 12.011 Atomic number and # of protons Symbol of element Name of Element Atomic mass

13. USE A PERIODIC TABLE TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING: An atom with 1 proton is an atom of ___________. An atom with 2 protons is an atom of __________. An atom with 8 protons is an atom of __________. An atom with 13 protons is an atom of _________. An atom with 47 protons is an atom of _________. An atom with 79 protons is an atom of _________. hydrogen, H helium, He oxygen, O aluminum,Al silver, Ag gold, Au

14. All matter is made up of elements. Elements are made up of atoms. Example: piece of aluminum foil

15. Element – a pure substance made of one particular type of atom, and it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. Aluminum, Al

16. There are 109 elements on Earth, of these, 91 elements occur naturally, but only about 25 are found in organisms.

17. Elements found in living organisms: Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Sulfur Chlorine Sodium Magnesium Iodine Fluorine Iron Bromine Aluminum Silicon Manganese

18. 96% of the mass of a human is made of only 4 elements – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

19. Composition of the Human Body 65% oxygen 1.5% calcium 0.2% potassium 18% carbon 1.2% phosphorus 0.1% sodium 10% hydrogen 0.2% sulfur and other elements 3% nitrogen

20. Most elements do not exist alone. Elements combine to form compounds. Compound - a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements. O HH What compound is this? _________ Chemical formula? _________ water H2OH2OH2OH2O What elements is water composed of? _____________ hydrogen oxygen

21. Examples of compounds: CO 2 --- elements? atoms? carbon dioxide carbon & oxygen one atom of carbon two atoms of oxygen

22. NaCl --- elements? atoms? sodium chloride sodium & chlorine one atom of sodium one atom of chlorine

23. C 6 H 12 O 6 --- elements? atoms? glucose Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen 6 atoms of carbon 12 atoms of hydrogen 6 atoms of oxygen

24. The different elements that make up a compound are held together by chemical bonds. A chemical bond is a force of attraction between two atoms. O HH Water, H 2 O Chemical bond

25. Every compound is unique and is different from the elements that make it up.

26. NaCl --- sodium chloride Sodium (Na) is a solid chlorine (Cl) is a poisonous gas, yet they combine to form table salt, an edible solid.