1. Internet Router History Yeim-Kuan Chang CSIE@NCKU 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 1

2. The first Internet Router In the late 1960s to 1989 Interface Message Processor (IMP) was the predecessor of the router. The IMP was the first generation of gateways for ARPANET ( the first packet network ), developed by Leonard Kleinrock in BBN (link). In the late 1960s to 1989 Interface Message Processor (IMP) was the predecessor of the router. The IMP was the first generation of gateways for ARPANET ( the first packet network ), developed by Leonard Kleinrock in BBN (link).packetlinkpacketlink For APRANET in 1969, BBN Interface Message Processor (IMP) did the packet routing. For APRANET in 1969, BBN Interface Message Processor (IMP) did the packet routing. Honeywell 516 minicomputer inside had only 6,000 words of software (12K core memory), monitored network status and statistics. Cost: $82,200 Honeywell 516 minicomputer inside had only 6,000 words of software (12K core memory), monitored network status and statistics. Cost: $82,200 The first transmission between UCLA and SRI took place on October 29, 1969. The first transmission between UCLA and SRI took place on October 29, 1969. Larry Roberts: architect of the Internet. Larry Roberts: architect of the Internet. 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 2

3. Leonard Kleinrock (It's another cool artifact of history in the back room, awaiting installation in the new Computer History Museum exhibition hall.) 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 3

4. History of the router The idea was explored in more detail, with the intention to produce a prototype system, as part of two contemporaneous programs. The idea was explored in more detail, with the intention to produce a prototype system, as part of two contemporaneous programs. One was the initial DARPA-initiated program, which created the TCP/IP architecture in use today. One was the initial DARPA-initiated program, which created the TCP/IP architecture in use today.DARPATCP/IPDARPATCP/IP The other was a program at Xerox PARC to explore new networking technologies, which produced the PARC Universal Packet system, due to corporate intellectual property concerns it received little attention outside Xerox for years. The other was a program at Xerox PARC to explore new networking technologies, which produced the PARC Universal Packet system, due to corporate intellectual property concerns it received little attention outside Xerox for years.Xerox PARC Universal PacketXerox PARC Universal Packet 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 4

5. History of the router ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was created by ARPA of the United States Dept. of Defense during the Cold War. It was the world ’ s first packet switching network. ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was created by ARPA of the United States Dept. of Defense during the Cold War. It was the world ’ s first packet switching network. The International Network Working Group (INWG) inspired the idea of the router in 1972. The International Network Working Group (INWG) inspired the idea of the router in 1972. 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 5

6. History of the router Some time after early 1974 the first Xerox routers became operational. Some time after early 1974 the first Xerox routers became operational. The first IP router was developed by Virginia Strazisar at BBN Technologies during 1975-1976. The first IP router was developed by Virginia Strazisar at BBN Technologies during 1975-1976. By the end of 1976, three PDP-11-based routers were in service in the experimental prototype Internet. By the end of 1976, three PDP-11-based routers were in service in the experimental prototype Internet. The first multiprotocol routers were independently created in 1981 by William Yeager at and by Noel Chiappa at MIT; both were also based on PDP-11s. The first multiprotocol routers were independently created in 1981 by William Yeager at Stanford and by Noel Chiappa at MIT; both were also based on PDP-11s. 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 6

7. History of the router Virtually all networking now uses TCP/IP, but multiprotocol routers are still manufactured. Virtually all networking now uses TCP/IP, but multiprotocol routers are still manufactured. They were important in the early stages of the growth of computer networking, when protocols other than TCP/IP were in use. They were important in the early stages of the growth of computer networking, when protocols other than TCP/IP were in use. Modern Internet routers that handle both IPv4 and IPv6 are multiprotocol, but are simpler devices than routers processing AppleTalk, DECnet, IP, and Xerox protocols. Modern Internet routers that handle both IPv4 and IPv6 are multiprotocol, but are simpler devices than routers processing AppleTalk, DECnet, IP, and Xerox protocols. 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 7

8. History of the router From the mid-1970s and in the 1980s, general-purpose mini-computers served as routers. From the mid-1970s and in the 1980s, general-purpose mini-computers served as routers. Modern high-speed routers are highly specialized computers with extra hardware added to speed both common routing functions, such as packet forwarding, and specialised functions such as IPsec encryption. Modern high-speed routers are highly specialized computers with extra hardware added to speed both common routing functions, such as packet forwarding, and specialised functions such as IPsec encryption. 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 8

9. History of the router There is substantial use of Linux and Unix software based machines, running open source routing code, for research and other applications. There is substantial use of Linux and Unix software based machines, running open source routing code, for research and other applications. Cisco's operating system was independently designed. Major router operating systems, such as those from Juniper Networks, Huawei Technologies and Extreme Networks, are extensively modified versions of Unix software. Cisco's operating system was independently designed. Major router operating systems, such as those from Juniper Networks, Huawei Technologies and Extreme Networks, are extensively modified versions of Unix software. 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 9

10. Fujitsu GeoStream R980 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 10

11. Diagram of a Router http://www.usr.com/education/net7.asp http://www.howstuffworks.com/router.htm/printable The Internet is one giant network composed of thousands of smaller networks, so the use of routers are needed for faster communication. cial.csie.ncku.edu.tw 2015/9/3 High-performance router architecture and design 11