1. Lecture 1 Microprocessors and Computer Systems

2. 2 What is a microprocessor? It’s a semiconductor IC Provides the pseudointelligence of a system Performing arithmetic and logic ops Reading data from and writing data to memory and I/O Perform step-by-step procedure Implement as a CPU in a computer system Used for any application requiring decision capability and/or process control

3. 3 Von Neumann’s Model Memory Output Input CPU Stored-program computer model

4. 4 Before Microprocessor Era 1940s (first gen. of electrical digital computers) Vacuum tubes Late 1950s & early 1960s Transistors Post-1960 ICs Along came microprocessors… More information  wikipedia (topic: “History of computing hardware”) 1. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/RCA12ax7.jp g 2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Transistor-photo.JPG 3. http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/images/c01356.jpg  

5. 5 Physical aspect of Microprocessors Small size of die Contain millions of transistors (and counting…) http://www-md.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/lehre/vlsis/2002/chip/chip_bilder/gleu/chip1.jpg

6. 6 Moore’s Law Gordon E. Moore (Co-founder of Intel) Getting double the number of transistors in every 24 months (with minimum cost) Get more info from Intel’s website (recommended) 2. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Wgsimonmooreslaw001.jpg 1. http://www.intel.com/technology/mooreslaw/pix/ml_img.jpg  

7. 7 MPU development (case study of Intel) http://www.intel.com/museum/online/hist_mic ro/hof/tspecs.htm http://www.intel.com/museum/online/hist_mic ro/hof/tspecs.htm

8. 8 Why do we study this stuff? Applications Operating Systems Computer System (CPU rules)

9. 9 Course Outline (revisit) Microprocessors & Computer Systems Microprocessor Architecture Instruction Set Memory Technology & Interfacing MMU, Cache Memory Memory Output Input CPU

10. 10 Course Outline (revisit) Input/Output & interfacing Interrupts DMA Modern microprocessors Embedded technology Discussion on microprocessors Memory Output Input CPU