1. FOLK CULTURE & POPULAR CULTURE
TWO POLES OF A CONTINUUM

4. remnants of surviving folk culture in the U.S.

5. vernacular region – not officially defined, but still real
shared, traditional way of describing experience, so part of folk culture

6. Folk Culture includes traditional medicine
Folk Culture includes traditional medicine. What are some ways folk culture medicine gets incorporated into popular culture?
pharmaceutical companies “discover” and patent a compound
a substance becomes popular for “recreational” use
A technique like acupuncture or Chinese herbal medicine gains mainstream acceptance

7. Diffusion of the Rodeo Who started it?
Receptivity of : Mexicans, Canadians, Mormons?

8. Diffusion of agricultural fairs
What types of diffusion are operating here?

9. Components of culture Artifact – physical component (big or small)
Mentifact – intangible component (stories, sayings, songs, values, etc.)
Sociofact – interactive component (personal space, definition of family)

10. How is this vernacular architecture (folk architecture) suited to its environment? (house from Orchid Island, near Taiwan)
readily available materials
form responds to climate and weather patterns

11. Material folk culture regions
Each region possesses many distinctive items of material culture
Upland South region—notched-log construction, used in building a variety of distinctive house types such as the “dogtrot”

13. What might be the reason for the “forebay” on Pennsylvania barns?

15. the “dogtrot”

16. What kinds of environmental adaptation can you identify?
How else could you build a house to do the same thing?

18. What elements of the Quebec farmhouse respond to climate?
Do any elements seem to respond more to social factors?

20. Why is the Buriat Mongolian yurt so similar to the Navajo hogan?

21. Pueblo Architecture Northern New Mexico Pre-Columbian “condo”
Suited to dry climate with cold, sunny winters
strong diurnal temp swings
“horno” bread oven

23. An “adobe” drive-through bank

24. Popular Culture Landscape: McDonalds in Moscow & Tokyo

25. The taste depends on the place
Terroir
The taste depends on the place

28. Terroir concept

36. Ontario’s Terroirs Wine Growing in Ontario
Ontario’s Appellation Vineyards
Wine Growing in Ontario
Wine grapes are grown in a relatively small band across southern Ontario where the southerly latitude and Great Lakes provide a favourable climate
Located between 41 and 44 degrees latitude, Ontario’s appellations are similarly situated to many of the classic cool climate wine regions in the world
With warm summers and cold but tolerable winters, Ontario has an ideal combination to ripen grapes during the growing season and also produce intensely flavoured Icewines from a winter harvest
Local conditions in each appellation dictate the range of grape varieties and wine styles

37. Ontario’s Primary Appellations
Viticultural Areas
Ontario’s Appellations
Ontario has so far identified three primary appellations of origin or “Viticultural Areas”:
Niagara Peninsula Shaped by the natural wonders of the Niagara Escarpment and Niagara Falls, the Niagara Peninsula provides ideal cool-climate conditions for wine growing. Its diversity has resulted in the identification of 10 sub-appellations
Prince Edward County Bordering Lake Ontario and the Bay of Quinte, this appellation is surrounded by water and features a rich terroir dominated by stoney soils
Lake Erie North Shore Stretching along the warm, shallow waters of Lake Erie, vines in this southerly appellation enjoy the most sunshine in Canada, providing excellent ripening conditions and full bodied wines
Prince Edward County
The Niagara Peninsula
Lake Erie North Shore

38. Lake Erie North Shore Appellation Overview
Cool lake breezes, abundance of sunshine, ripe fruit with good balance
Appellation Overview
Located at a latitude of approximately N42° and stretching along the bow-shaped shoreline of Lake Erie, including Pelee Island, from Amherstburg to south of St Thomas, the Lake Erie North Shore appellation encompasses the vineyards in the southwestern extremity of Ontario
With no major topographic barrier to the prevailing southwesterly winds this appellation enjoys the full effect of the lake breeze that moderates the entire area during the growing season
This favourable southerly location, combined with the warming effect of the shallow waters of Lake Erie, allows this appellation to enjoy a long growing season and promotes ripe fruit with a perfect balance between natural sweetness and acidity
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY
NIAGARA PENINSULA
LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE
STATISTICS
GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): 1476
FROST FREE DAYS: 172 (-2º)
JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 22°
GROWING SEASON: April to October
PRECIPITATION: 544mm (growing season)
COMMON VARIETALS: Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris
PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): (9L cases)
NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 70
NUMBER OF WINERIES: 11

39. Prince Edward County Appellation Overview
Limestone bedrock, stony soils, low yields, excellent fruit concentration
Appellation Overview
Prince Edward County is located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, just south of Belleville, and encompasses the County, Amherst Island and a narrow strip of land to the north
On the northern and eastern shorelines high rocky bluffs rise to an elevation of a hundred feet or more while the western shore has many inlets with sandy shores and large sand bars which define bodies of water such as West Lake and East Lake
Prevailing southwesterly breezes travel steadily across the Bay of Quinte moderating temperatures throughout the year, which is especially beneficial during the warm summer months, with pleasant cooling during the hotter days and keeping cool nights at bay
Prince Edward County terroir features loose gravely soil types that lay atop the broad Trenton limestone plateau providing good structure, ample drainage, shale and minerals for healthy development of vines and fruit with character
PRINCE EDWARD
COUNTY
PRINCE EDWARD
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY
NIAGARA PENINSULA
LAKE ONTARIO
LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE
STATISTICS
GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): N/A
FROST FREE DAYS: 143 (-2º)
JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 19°C
GROWING SEASON: April to October
PRECIPITATION: 757mm (year)
COMMON VARIETALS: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir
PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): (9L cases)
NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 53
NUMBER OF WINERIES: 17

40. Niagara Escarpment Regional Appellation Overview
Inspiring elevations, classic minerality, refreshing wines
Regional Appellation Overview
Representing the bench lands along the Niagara Escarpment, west of St. Catharines to Grimsby, this complex region encompasses three sub-appellations: Short Hills Bench, Twenty Mile Bench, and Beamsville Bench
The topography ranges from a distinct bench in the west Beamsville Bench, backed by steep cliff faces, through a double bench in the Twenty Mile Bench, to undulating hills in the east Short Hills Bench
Features highly variable soils consisting of water-stratified clay and silt to rich calcareous clay loam, most of this area’s soils are deep and moderately drained with good water-holding capacities
Unique conditions for grape berry maturation across this region contribute to the distinctive and refreshing style of Niagara Escarpment wines
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY
NIAGARA PENINSULA
LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE
STATISTICS
GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): 1415
FROST FREE DAYS: 205 (-2º)
JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 22.5°
GROWING SEASON: April to October
PRECIPITATION: 543mm (growing season)
COMMON VARIETALS: Riesling
PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): (9L cases)
NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 21
NUMBER OF WINERIES: 19

41. Niagara Peninsula Appellation Overview
Diverse terroir, sheltered slopes, lakeside vineyards, great breadth in its wines
Appellation Overview
Bordered by Lake Ontario to the north, the Niagara River to the east and the Welland River and Hamilton to the south and west, the Niagara Peninsula is the largest and most diverse Viticultural Area in Canada
Variation in soil composition and drainage across the appellation allows for many different varietals to thrive and produces distinctive sub-appellation terroirs that contribute their own character to root development and, in turn, to vine and grape development and to the nature and personality of the wine
The Niagara Peninsula is a cool-climate appellation ideally situated near N43° latitude, with relatively high shifts in day-night temperature and substantial sunshine during the growing season
This combination provides for the development of more complex and intense grape flavours during ripening than warmer climates can provide
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY
NIAGARA PENINSULA
LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE
STATISTICS
GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): 1413
FROST FREE DAYS: 198 (-2º)
JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 22.3°
GROWING SEASON: April to October
PRECIPITATION: 546mm (growing season)
COMMON VARIETALS: Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc
PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): (9L cases)
NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 573
NUMBER OF WINERIES: 70

42. Niagara-on-the-lake Regional Appellation Overview
Elegant vistas, spirited styles, inviting wines of origin
Regional Appellation Overview
Situated below the crest of the Niagara Escarpment and stretching to the Niagara River and the shores of Lake Ontario, this region encompasses four sub-appellations: Niagara River, Niagara Lakeshore, Four Mile Creek and St. David's Bench
Most of this region is lakeshore plains land, characterized by long, gentle slopes, which become slightly more prominent in proximity to the north-facing Lake Iroquois Bluff
Although there is a great diversity in geology, soil composition, elevation and climate, the wineries of this appellation share the collective benefits of proximity to the Lake, River and Escarpment, which their wines reflect
The region is becoming well known for its annual celebrations of terroir-focused foods and wines
PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY
NIAGARA PENINSULA
LAKE ERIE NORTH SHORE
STATISTICS
GROWING DEGREE DAYS (AVG.): 1434
FROST FREE DAYS: 207 (-2º)
JULY MEAN TEMPERATURE: 22.6°
GROWING SEASON: April to October
PRECIPITATION: 544mm (growing season)
COMMON VARIETALS: Chardonnay, Riesling, Cabernet Franc
PRODUCTION (2009 REPORTING YEAR): (9L cases)
NUMBER OF APPROVED WINES: 92
NUMBER OF WINERIES: 29

43. POPULAR CULTURE Transmitted by media such as books & TV
Constantly changing and innovating
Based on idea of society (specialized roles and interdependence, impersonal coordination)
Flexible and vague social roles
Not adapted to any particular environment

44. Not a popular culture landscape

45. Popular culture is “culture of consumption”

46. The Strip (example of placelessness)

47. when you get to Finland will it look even more familiar than this?

48. You are what you consume!
Aside from income and the need/desire to be “fashionable,” what else differs between the light and dark regions on this map?

50. Religious Desecration
What was the problem with the beauty pageant?
The Buddhist Temple of Dawn is in the background
Photographing of Miss Universe contestants in front of this sacred place was seen as a desecration of the site and a sign of disrespect to Buddhism

51. Don’t forget sports!
which seems closer to folk culture: participatory or spectator sports?

52. Popular or folk culture?
it’s always a matter of degree
a point on the continuum
popular culture challenges folk culture
popular culture undermines folk culture
popular culture appropriates elements of folk culture
popular culture markets elements of folk culture