1. CSC 318 – WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
BY:
MUHD EIZAN SHAFIQ BIN ABD AZIZ
FACULTY COMPUTER AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

2. Outline Introduction to the Internet What is the Internet?
History of Internet
Uses of the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Intranet Application
How does data travel on the Internet?
The World Wide Web
Markup Language & Scripting
Client/Server Communication
HTTP Communication for Web
Other Internet Applications
E-Commerce
Online Banking
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3. Introduction to the Internet
What is the Internet?
Computer network
The system in which a large number of separate but interconnected computers serve all of the needs
A.K.A a collection of interconnected networks
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4. Introduction to the Internet
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5. Introduction to the Internet
History of Internet
Grand parent of Internet: ARPANET (was funded by DARPA) in 1969
Objective of ARPANET: to allow multiple users to send & receive information simultaneously over the same communication path
Theory of Packet Switching was introduced
TCP/IP protocol was introduced
Coordinate the addresses of all computers on the Internet and the way resources/data are pass around
TCP: provides reliable data services
IP: provides information about how and where data should be delivered
DARPA = Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
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6. Introduction to the Internet
Additional Info
What is the number of Internet users worldwide and in Malaysia?
Worldwide incl. Malaysia:
Visit: MCMC Website =>
Who owns the Internet?
Answer = Nobody! :-o
Who controls the Internet?
Corporations, governments & everybody else
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7. Introduction to the Internet
Additional Info
Who governs the Internet?
We have professional society responsible in managing the standards. To name a few:
Internet Architecture Board (IAB):
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF):
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF):
Internet Society (ISOC):
W3C:
etc: (make Mr. Google as your best friend :-p)
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8. Introduction to the Internet
Uses of the Internet
What do you do on the Internet?
To find information
To meet and communicate with people virtually
To have fun
To learn & study
To do internet business
etc.
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9. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Internet Service Provider = ISP
Provide the Internet connection
How many ISPs in Malaysia?
Answer: Quite a few
Wired: TM, Jaring, Maxis
Wireless: Jaring, Maxis, Celcom, iZZi, P1
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10. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Connection
Wired
Wireless
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11. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Wired
Fixed line
Cable modem (dial-up|xDSL)
LAN Cable
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Fiber optic backbone from Server Exchange to CPE. Provided by ISP. In this case provided by TM because TM own all underground cabling in Malaysia.
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12. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Wireless
IEEE
Types: (A|B|G|N) or so called “Wi-Fi”
Access Point (AP) connected to wired LAN
Clients (notebook|desktop) connected via wireless device
Embedded in the notebook: Intel, Atheros
External device such as USB wireless Adapter and PCI wireless card: D-Link, Aztech
Coverage: (Small|Medium) because usually setup in an office, in a park or public spots
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13. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Wireless
IEEE
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
Also known as Wireless MAN
Provides wireless internet connection over long distances
Which companies won WiMAX license in Malaysia last year?
Bizsurf, Packet One Networks, Asiaspace Dotcom, Redtone-CNX Broadband
Current service in Malaysia: P1 Wimax
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14. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Wireless
Satellite Internet Access
Use mobile phone coverage: (GPRS|3G|HSDPA)
Modem (Supported mobile phone or USB Modem)
Quite well-known these days
ISPs: Maxis Broadband and Celcom Broadband (Celcom has widest coverage :D)
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15. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
An address to the current location of information
protocol://host[:server port]/path/
Example:
Web browser uses the URL address to retrieve a document over the network
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16. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Domain Name
A name that uniquely identifies a website on the Internet
As a substitute for IP Address of the website
Example:
URL:
Domain Name: uitm.edu.my
IP Address:
Which one is easier to remember?
Domain name or IP Address?
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17. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Domain Name
Top-level domain (TLD) names
Infrastructure (iTLD): .root, .arpa.
Generic TLD (gTLD): .com, .edu, .net, .gov, etc.
Country Code (ccTLD): .my, .uk, .id, .sg, etc.
Domain Name Server (DNS)
Translates domain name to IP Address
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18. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Host Name
A host is a (computer|device) that is connected to a network
Each host has a name, so, we call it host name, sometimes we call it computer name
Host name uniquely identifies a host on a network without using its IP Address
Example:
1 computer named “uitmpc1” is connected to a UiTM’s network
“uitmpc1” has a unique IP Address which is “ ”
You are able to access or find “uitmpc1” using its host name or IP Address
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19. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
IP Address
A unique numeric identifier for a (computer|host|devices) on a network/Internet
2 versions: IPv4 and IPv6
Type 1: Static
IP Address assigned to a computer or other devices remains the same every time the device is connected to the network
Assign and change manually
Type 2: Dynamic A.K.A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
It changes every time a (computer|device) is connected to the network
More efficient way to assign IP Address to a computer or other devices
DHCP server responsible in assigning IP Address to available hosts in the network
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20. Introduction to the Internet
How does the Internet works?
Protocol
A set of rules that enables computers to connect and transmit data to one another over the network/Internet
Example:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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21. Introduction to the Internet
Intranet Application
Intranet
A PRIVATE computer network that belongs to a business, university, government agency or other organization that can be accessed ONLY by authorized persons, typically employees or other members of the organization
Intranet Application
Main purpose: share organizational information and computing resources among employees and others in the organization
Authorized persons able to access the application from virtually anywhere such as from home or while traveling
Example:
Websites (internal application), FTP service, , etc
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22. Introduction to the Internet
Internet? Intranet? Extranet?
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23. Introduction to the Internet
4. Web Servers are computers that answer your request for a particular Web page with the information required to build that page on your computer
How does data travel on the network/Internet?
1. Your Computer sends page request and then translates the information sent back into the words and images that make up the Web page US MY JP AU UK
2. ISPs provide internet connection for home user and business or organization for a fee
3. Routers are computers that receive information and forward it to the correct destination over the most efficient route available at that moment
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24. Introduction to the Internet
How does data travel on the network/Internet?
Bear in mind, data travel on the network/Internet in digital form (0|1)
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25. Introduction to the Internet
The World Wide Web
W3 = World Wide Web, allows computer users locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject.
Written in HTML
Contain text, image, audio, video
Distributed Hypermedia System - heterogeneous hypermedia information repositories that are distributed across local- and wide-area networks
W3 was developed by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in He also developed several communication protocols as a backbone of the web.
(October, 1994) – Tim Berners-Lee founded W3C. The goal is to make the Web universally accessible, in terms of ability, language or culture.
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26. Introduction to the Internet
The World Wide Web
They also formed various standards known as RECOMMENDATIONS.
It includes:
XHTML
CSS
HTML
XML
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27. Introduction to the Internet
Markup Language & Scripting
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML): HTML, XML
Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML): XHTML, CSS
Perl
PHP
Coldfusion
ASP, (ASP|VB).NET
Java Technology: Applet, Java Servlet, JSP
etc (again, ask Mr. Google to help you :-p)
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28. Introduction to the Internet
Client/Server Communication
What is server?
A (software program|computer) that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on the same computer or other (clients|computers) on a network
Example:
Web server, file server, DHCP server
What is client?
A (computer|program|process) that makes requests for information from another (computer|program|process) in a client-server relationship
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29. Introduction to the Internet
Client/Server Communication
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30. Introduction to the Internet
Client/Server Communication
Some of the protocols involved:
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Port 80
Simple protocol for file transfer over the network/Internet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Port 21
Standard method for (sharing|downloading) files over the Internet for many years
Commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to server.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Port 25
* Note: Do you want to know the other port numbers? Visit
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31. Introduction to the Internet
Client/Server Communication
Common software requirement at the client side: Web browser
Internet Explorer
Firefox
Opera
Konqueror
Safari
Common software requirement at the server side: Web server
Microsoft Products: PWS or IIS
Open Source Products: Apache, Tomcat, etc.
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32. Introduction to the Internet
HTTP Communication for Web
Two types of Web:
Static Web
The contents of the web are fixed
Hard coded in the HTML
Dynamic Web
Dynamic content
The web is connected to the database (e.g. MS Access)
Required client and server side scripting
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33. Introduction to the Internet
HTTP Communication for Web
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34. Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
The most popular service
Take few (seconds|minutes) to be delivered
Normally can be enclosed with attachment
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Common application to download file from Internet to user’s computer OR upload files to server
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35. Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
Instant Messaging
The most popular Internet application
Real-time conversation
Example: Yahoo! Messenger, GoogleTalk, MSN Messenger, IRC, etc.
Plug-ins
Programs that extend capability of web browser
Example: Apple QuickTime, RealPlayer, Shockwave Player, Windows Media Player, etc.
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36. Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
Discussion Forums
A place where people discuss things or common interest
Example: Anime, Sports, TV Series, etc
Type 1: Newsgroups A.K.A Usenet
Wide range of subjects
Disseminate to computers around the world that run news server
Available worldwide
Type 2: Mailing List
Based on subscription
Forum discussions will come straight to your inbox
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37. Introduction to the Internet
Other Internet Applications
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
A.K.A Internet Telephony
Make phone calls over the Internet
Latest IM applications can be used to initiate VoIP call
Required devices:
(Client|Computer) equipped with microphone and speaker OR
Traditional telephone with special adapter OR
VoIP Phone
Call charges: free OR less than normal phone call charges
Can be used by individuals or business organizations
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38. Introduction to the Internet
E-Commerce
A.K.A E-Business
Buying and selling of (products|services) on the Internet
The amount of trade increased dramatically
Category 1: Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Direct online sale between supplier and individual customer
Example: Dell sells (desktop|notebook) to consumer, Amazon.com
Category 2: Business-to-Business (B2B)
Online transactions between businesses
Example: Advertising companies sell services to business organizations
Category 3: Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) A.K.A P2P
Exchanges (between|among) consumers
Example: eBay.com, mudah.com.my, etc.
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39. Introduction to the Internet
E-Commerce
A.K.A E-Business
Category 4: Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
Individuals offer (products|services) to companies and the companies pay them
Example: Freelance web designers sell services to companies
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40. Introduction to the Internet
Online Banking
A.K.A Internet Banking
Part of E-Commerce applications
Allow customers to conduct financial transaction on a secure website and connection
Advantage: customers do not need to be at the bank physically
Disadvantage: vulnerable to risks (fraud, unauthorized access, identity theft, virus attacks)
What you can do on Online Banking?
Access your bank account
Money transfer
Bills payment
OB in Malaysia
maybank2u, CIMB Clicks, Bank Islam Internet Banking
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41. Question?
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42. Bibliography (Books & PPT Slide)
Knuckles (2001). Introduction to Interactive Programming on the Internet using HTML & Javascript. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dean, T (2006). Network+ Guide to Networks. Thomson Course Technology.
Azlan Ismail (2005). Introduction to Web Programming. FTMSK, UiTM.
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43. Bibliography (Websites)
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