2. Performance Validation of Mobile IP Wireless Networks Syed Shahzad Ali Muhammad Saqib Ilyas Advisor: Dr. Ravi Pendse

3. Agenda Wireless Networking Introduction Problems : IP Addresses, Location, Routing Solution: Mobile IP Protocol Ns2 test-bed and results Router’s Lab setup Test-bed and result Future Work

4. Goals Performance comparison of Mobile IP based networks on the basis of the results gathered from ns2 simulator and by working in the Router’s LAB in the real world. Validate the Effects of Mobility on the Transport Layer Have ns2 and router’s lab test-bed ready for future research

5. What is Wireless Networking? Wireless networking is the use of Radio Frequency (RF) technology to connect workstations in a Local Area Network (LAN) or LAN's in a Wide Area Network (WAN). Using this technology allows Ethernet speeds with limited or no wired connections. It transmits and receives information through the air.

6. What is Mobile IP? MIP defines how MNs change their Point Of Attachment to the Internet without changing their IP addresses Each MN is always identified by its home IP address HA sends datagrams for MN through a tunnel to the COA No protocol enhancement is required in other hosts or routers

7. Routing decisions are based upon the network-prefix portion of the IP Destination Address What if Node Moves 10.10.0.1/16 130.10.1.0/24 Router

8. Problem Due to Mobility Internet Mobile Node 130.1.1.1 130.1.x.x A A B B C C D D ? 130.1.1.1 Route Next 130.1.x.x B Route Next 130.1.x.x B Route Next 130.1.x.x A Route Next 130.1.x.x A CN Internet 130.1.x.x ABC D Route Next 130.1.x.x B Route Next 130.1.x.x B Route Next 130.1.x.x A Route Next 130.1.x.x A CN

9. Mobile IP Process Agent Discovery to find Agent Home agent and foreign agents periodically send Agent Advertisement Messages They also respond to solicitation from mobile node Mobile Node selects an agent and uses Care- Of-Address for further communication

10. IP Address associated with a mobile node that is visiting a foreign network It generally changes every time MN moves from one foreign network to another A FA COA can be any one of the FA’s IP Address A FA COA can be shared by many MNs simultaneously Care-Of-Address

11. Mobile IP Process (Contd.) Registration Mobile Node registers its COA with home agent either directly or through foreign agent. Home agent then sends a reply back to mobile node via FA about successful COA registration Each mobility binding has a negotiated lifetime limit To continue further working in FN, registration must be done within lifetime

12. Mobile IP Process (Contd.) Return to Home Network Mobile node deregisters with Home Agent Sets COA to its permanent IP Address Lifetime = 0 ; /* means deregistration */ Deregistration with foreign network is not required. It expires automatically Simultaneous registrations with more than one COA is allowed (for handoff)

13. Overview of Mobile IP Functionality 1. MN discovers agent 2. MN obtains COA (Care Of Address) 3. MN registers with HA 4. HA tunnels packets from CN to MN 5. FA forwards packets from MN to CN HA FA 1. and 2. 3. MN CN 5. 4.

14. Encapsulation/ Tunneling Home Agent Intercepts mobile node’s datagrams and forwards them to COA Home Agent tells all hosts to send mobile node’s datagram to it Home Agent then send it to FA via Tunnel Decapsulation: Datagram is extracted by FA and sent to mobile node

15. Encapsulation/Tunneling IP Cloud Home Network New Network/Foreign Network Home Agent Foreign Agent Mobile Node Correspondent Node Tunnel

16. Network Scenario MN HAFA1 FA2 TCP Source

17. Test Bed Setup Flow

18. Comparison of Attributes Aironet 340 BridgeNS2 Nominal Range 15Km250 – 300 meter Frequency 2.4GHz2.4Ghz IP-IP Tunneling IEEE 802.11 Distributed coordination function DCF MAC protocol DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum radio interface) Data Rates Supported: 1,2,5.5 and 11MBps Omni directional antenna having unity gain Media Access Protocol CSMA/CA Handoff is based on SSIDHandoff is based on receiving power

19. Results NS2

20. Work that can be done using NS2 In our work the correspondent node was stationary. A study can be done where CN is also mobile. UDP Protocol could be tested and the performance could be analyzed. Real time traffic using RTP may be realized

21. Now What? Up We Go!

22. Equipment Cisco 2600 series routers Cisco 3660 routers Cisco Aironet 340 Wireless bridges

23. Test bed Server Client HAFA1 FA2 R1R2 HA – 2600 FA1 – 2600 FA2 – 2600 MN – 2600 R1 – 3660 R2 – 3660 Server, Client – PC running Linux MN 130.10.x.x/24 10.x 15.x 11.x 13.x 12.x 14.x 15.x 16.x 17.x 100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 9 subnets R 100.10.14.0 [120/3] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.15.0 [120/4] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.12.0 [120/2] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.13.0 [120/2] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 C 100.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.11.0 [120/1] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 C 100.10.18.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 R 100.10.16.0 [120/3] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.17.0 [120/4] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0 100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 9 subnets R 100.10.14.0 [120/3] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.15.0 [120/4] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.12.0 [120/2] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.13.0 [120/2] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 C 100.10.10.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.11.0 [120/1] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0 C 100.10.18.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 R 100.10.16.0 [120/3] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0 R 100.10.17.0 [120/4] via 100.10.10.1, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

24. Mobile Node in Foreign Network 1 Server Client HAFA1 FA2 R1R2 MN 10.x 15.x 11.x 13.x 12.x 14.x 15.x 16.x 17.x 10.x Mobile Node: 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks M 100.10.15.2/32 [3/1] via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0 C 100.10.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 100.10.18.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 M* 0.0.0.0/0 [3/1] via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0 Home Agent: 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks M 100.10.10.88/32 [3/1] via 100.10.14.2, 00:00:45, Tunnel0 R 100.10.14.0/24 [120/2] via 100.10.11.7, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1 R 100.10.15.0/24 [120/3] via 100.10.11.7, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1. Mobile Node: 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks M 100.10.15.2/32 [3/1] via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0 C 100.10.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 100.10.18.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 M* 0.0.0.0/0 [3/1] via 100.10.15.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet0/0 Home Agent: 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masks M 100.10.10.88/32 [3/1] via 100.10.14.2, 00:00:45, Tunnel0 R 100.10.14.0/24 [120/2] via 100.10.11.7, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1 R 100.10.15.0/24 [120/3] via 100.10.11.7, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/1. Mobile Tunnels: Tunnel1: src 100.10.10.1, dest 100.10.10.88 encap IP/IP, mode reverse-allowed, tunnel-users 1 IP MTU 1460 bytes Path MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10 mins, expires: never outbound interface Tunnel0 HA created, fast switching enabled, ICMP unreachable enabled 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 drops 0 packets output, 0 bytes Tunnel0: src 100.10.10.1, dest 100.10.14.2 encap IP/IP, mode reverse-allowed, tunnel-users 1 IP MTU 1480 bytes Path MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10 mins, expires: never outbound interface Ethernet0/1 HA created, fast switching enabled, ICMP unreachable enabled 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 drops 47 packets output, 9020 bytes Mobile Tunnels: Tunnel1: src 100.10.10.1, dest 100.10.10.88 encap IP/IP, mode reverse-allowed, tunnel-users 1 IP MTU 1460 bytes Path MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10 mins, expires: never outbound interface Tunnel0 HA created, fast switching enabled, ICMP unreachable enabled 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 drops 0 packets output, 0 bytes Tunnel0: src 100.10.10.1, dest 100.10.14.2 encap IP/IP, mode reverse-allowed, tunnel-users 1 IP MTU 1480 bytes Path MTU Discovery, mtu: 0, ager: 10 mins, expires: never outbound interface Ethernet0/1 HA created, fast switching enabled, ICMP unreachable enabled 0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 drops 47 packets output, 9020 bytes

25. How’d we do that? Modified netperf code to get network latency Wrote shell program to configure wireless bridge data rate Wrote shell program to configure router interface delay and queue length

26. And the results are….

27. It’s not over yet! Study the implementation of different radio propagation models in NS-2 Completely automating the simulation by writing some more shell programs to integrate the existing shell programs.

28. Thank you very much for attending the presentation Questions?