1. History & Evolution

2. Discussion Questions 1.Why is there a dispute about when the phenomenon of globalization began? 2.Why does the author argue that globalization is necessarily a recent phenomenon? 3.What advancements have been made in the contemporary period (since 1980s) that support a compelling case that this era is where globalization really started and is flourishing? 4.What events have occurred in the contemporary period (since 1980s) that support a compelling case that this era is where globalization really started and is happening?

3. The Dispute A process Migration Nayan Chanda- Bound Together Traders Preachers Adventurers Warriors Settlers* Inventions Advancements based on inventions Interaction facilitated by advancements ¤

4. 5 Eras Considered Prehistoric Migration Farming Communities  Divergence People spreading apart ¤ http://phys.org/news/2012-10-prehistoric-human-populations-prospered-agricultural.html

5. 5 Eras Considered Premodern Writing Key basic inventions Empires Law Infrastructure Trade ¤ http://www.penn.museum/silkroad/exhibit_silkroad.php The Silk Road

6. 5 Eras Considered Early modern Renaissance Enlightenment Exploration ¤ http://mrblacksarmy.weebly.com/the-renaissance.html

7. 5 Eras Considered Modern European dominance Inventions/ IR Capitalism World wars Communism Sophisticated advancements ¤ http://imgarcade.com/1/industrial-revolution-inventions-telephone/

8. 5 Eras Considered Contemporary Culmination of factors People, places, things  Convergence Distances diminished = Connectability ¤ http://www.unesco.org

9. Recent Phenomenon Contemporary 1980s Elements facilitate convergence Globalization contingent upon Connectivity of people Communication Technology Transportation Infrastructure ¤

10. Events since 1980s Fall of SU-  Neoliberal economic norm WTO Supertankers Advent of / spin-offs of the personal computer The Internet Cellular phones, communication satellites Fiber optic cable Smart phones 9/11 Arab Spring ¤

11. Recap Dynamic process Uneven process Multidimensional Multifaceted Intangible & tangible aspects ¤

12. MNCs & Emerging Markets How is this trend a reflection of globalization? Increasing middle class Rising middle class result of global production demands Greater demand for consumer products Foreign direct investment (FDI) New restaurants Joint ventures with local companies Regional expansion - Tata Retooled products to taste, social aspirations Appealing to aspiring middle class Education tools Display wealth through ‘elite’ appeal ¤