1. The current state of the Albert J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection. Anthony Cognato and Gary Parsons Department of Entomology Michigan State University

2. History: The Beginning 1867 Albert J. Cook established the Collection of Insects at Michigan Agricultural College 1878 Nearly 1,200 locally-collected specimens used primarily for teaching

3. History: Growth into a research collection 1889- 1890 U.S. Senator James McMillan purchased and donated Fred Tepper (12,000 moths) and Austin collections (40,000 beetles) and donated his collection with many types. Additional collections from Charles V. Riley- Hemiptera American Museum of Natural History- Microlepidoptera Dr. Lawrence Bruner - Orthoptera Dr. Eugene Davenport- Lepidoptera

4. History: 50 years of growth Mr. Rufus H. Pettit, Director (1897-1930) and Ms. Eugenia McDaniel Addition of economically important insects.

5. History: 50 years of growth Transfer of collection from College Museum to the Department of Entomology. By 1950: The Collection contained more than 100,000 specimens representing 350 families and 15,000 species.

6. History: into the 21 st century 1948 move into new Natural Science Building complete with expansion space. 1952 Dr. Roland Fischer appointed as Curator. 1950-1988 Significant growth: -Dr. Robert Dreisbach Collection 250,000 Michigan insects -Various collections of 20,000 Michigan Moths -Gunnar Hjegaard collection of 8,000 Danish moths -William C. Stehr collection of 7,000 coccinellid and carabid beetles Growth of international holdings: - Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Africa, and India

7. History: into the 21 st century 1988 Dr. Fred Stehr appointed as Director. -Several part time collection managers -Department designates endowed funds for operating costs. Significant growth: - Of the immature collection - Various collections of 10,000 Lepidoptera. Growth of international holdings: - Brazil, Malaysia, Borneo, New Guinea, Latin America

8. History: into the 21 st century 1999 Mr. Gary Parsons hired as first full-time collection manager. Significant growth: - Start of computer based species inventory. - Curation of neglected orders - donated his collection of 10,000 Western Coleoptera - 7,000 additional specimens added since 2000 -Increased involvement with outreach

9. Problems: -Occupies ~2000 sq. ft.

10. Problems: -No space to expand.

11. Problems: -1948 Vintage cabinets and oversized drawers -80% of specimens in hard bottom trays

12. Problems: -Open storage and past Dermestid damage

13. Consequences: -Overall curation of the ARC was rated 5 on the McGinley scale - Low rate of loans and vistors

14. Solution: Lots of Potential 2006 Dr. Anthony Cognato hired as Director and brought an active systematic program - Approximately 1 million pinned specimens representing 481 families and 35,000 species. - 285 holotypes and 2,951 paratypes - Over 100,000 slides and vials containing multiple Arthropod specimens. -Significant holdings from Great Lakes Region and extentive collection of Collembola, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. - 5 graduate students - 2 undergraduate students - 4 adjunct curators

15. Solution: more space Renewed university support of the collection: Continued support of the full-time collection manager position and More space

16. Solution: A Plan *Remove outdated and damaged storage. *Renovate new space. Install new cabinets, drawers and trays.

17. Solution: A Plan *Update nomenclature for all species names in the collection, electronically record names, numbers of specimens and broad geographic affiliations.

18. Solution: A Plan *Construct a data base using Specify of the above information and publicize it on ARC ’ s website and through GBIF.

19. Solution: Funding 2009 ! NSF-BRC via the ARRA

20. Solution: Funding: Results 1.installation of new storage thus proving the entire collection with one reliable layer of protection against insect collection pests. 2.transferred ~650,000 Coleoptera and Hymenoptera specimens into new trays (>35,000) thus resulting in half of the pinned collection curated to modern standards. 3.installed Specify v5 software on our server and completed web-accessible database of species holdings which includes ~35,000 verified species names. 4.Our activities have also gone beyond the objectives of the original proposal. We have updated our database to Specify v6 and expanded it to include specimen level data. It currently holds over 10,000 specimens records.

21. Solution: Funding: Results In addition, ~$140,000 was spent on storage supplied by American companies thus holding true to the intent of the ARRA. Although some scoffed at this productivity.

22. As of 2011: More funding! InvertNet. 2011-2012: Continued curating the collection to modern standards. 1.Hemiptera in new trays with headers. 2.Spiders in new vials with updated nomenclature. ~17,000 determined specimens and 300 vials of undetermined specimens.

23. Thanks ! Renovations to the collection were accomplished with the help of many. Undergraduate student employees: Chris Adams, Nick Brac, Eric Glabraith, Coral Hahn- Townsend, Ashely Leach, Emily Maher, Diana Miller, Steve Muresan, Patrica Samota Graduate students: Bernice DeMarco, Stephanie Dole, Jiri Hulcr, Rachel Olson, Aaron Smith, Sarah Smith Adjunct Curtors: Elwin Evans, John Fricke, Ralph Gorton, Bob Kriegel, Mo Nielsen, Mike Philip, Ron Priest, Dan Swanson, Bill Taft, Frank West Computer Programmer : Krishna Dole