1. TERMS OF REFERENCE If you speak Spanish, you may find the following mnemonics useful: Rostral (rostro means face); Ventral (vientre means tummy); Caudal (cola means butt)

2. Terms of Reference TERMS OF REFERENCE

3. Like an apple Like a loaf of bread Like a hamburger (horizon)

4. Central Sulcus Lateral Fissure LATERAL VIEW

5. Locate: Spinal Cord Brain Stem: (Pons Medulla) Cerebellum Central sulcus, lateral fissure, Lobes, Broca’s area, primary auditory, motor, and somatosensory cortex _________ VIEW

6. DORSAL VIEW

7. VENTRAL VIEW

8. _________ VIEW Locate: Spinal Cord Brain Stem: Cerebellum Frontal Lobe, Temporal lobe Olfactory nerve

10. Localize: cerebellum, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, Brainstem: medulla, pons, midbrain (superior colliculus, inferior colliculus ),

11. VENTRICLES - Two lateral, a third and a fourth ventricle, central canal - filled with cerebrospinal fluid MENINGES – cover brain and spinal cord - dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater

12. Vertebra of Spinal column

13. Basal Ganglia

15. BRAINSTEM HYPOTHALAMUS: 4 F’s(feeding, fighting, fleeing,sex) MIDBRAIN –VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA (reward, motivation) –SUBSTANTIA NIGRA (motor function, Parkinson’s Disease) PONS (arousal – reticular formation ), MEDULLA (respiration, heart rate, salivation)

16. Spinal cord cross-section

17. Nissl-stained rat brain

19. Gross Anatomy The best way to learn anatomy is a combination of coloring the anatomy book and hands-on labs. Thus there will be no lecture on this topic Use the following notes & figures as prompts and reminders, rather than as a laundry list to be memorized.

20. Terms describing anatomical structures A bundle of axons: in the Central Nervous System = TRACT (e.g., ‘optic tract’) in the Peripheral Nervous System = NERVE (e.g., optic nerve) A collection of cell bodies in the Central Nervous System = NUCLEUS (e.g. nucleus accumbens) in the Peripheral Nervous System = GANGLION (exception: basal ganglia are in the CNS) Gray matter - cell bodies White matter - myelinated axons Gyrus – ridge or protuberance on surface of the brain Sulcus – groove on surface of brain between gyri Fissure – long, deep sulcus