1. Rise of Islam

2. Arab Society  Arab meaning from Arabian Peninsula  Agricultural and herded animals.  Because nomadic…developed clan or tribes within their society.  Clans/Tribes  family oriented  Sheikh - male leaders  Valued - loyalty, honor, courage, generosity, and hospitality. Why?  Arab meaning from Arabian Peninsula  Agricultural and herded animals.  Because nomadic…developed clan or tribes within their society.  Clans/Tribes  family oriented  Sheikh - male leaders  Valued - loyalty, honor, courage, generosity, and hospitality. Why?

3. The Prophet Muhammad  Born in Mecca in 570 to a poor clan of Mecca’s ruling tribe.  Parents died when he was young.  Married women 15 years older…had 3 sons and 4 daughters…only one survived.  Most Arabs were polytheists…but Muhammad adopted monotheistic beliefs through encounters with Jews and Christians.  Born in Mecca in 570 to a poor clan of Mecca’s ruling tribe.  Parents died when he was young.  Married women 15 years older…had 3 sons and 4 daughters…only one survived.  Most Arabs were polytheists…but Muhammad adopted monotheistic beliefs through encounters with Jews and Christians.

4. Muhammad’s Experience  40 years old went to meditate alone in a cave when angel Gabriel spoke to him.  Over next 22 years compiled messages from god into one book the Quran (Koran) which is the holy book of Islam.  40 years old went to meditate alone in a cave when angel Gabriel spoke to him.  Over next 22 years compiled messages from god into one book the Quran (Koran) which is the holy book of Islam.

5. Muhammad’s Message 1. There is only one God (Allah)…  He had no kids  He is above all others  You need toObey his will 2. All are seen as equal in the eyes of God  looking out for each other (weak or needy)  Ideas are radical to polytheistic Arabs. 1. There is only one God (Allah)…  He had no kids  He is above all others  You need toObey his will 2. All are seen as equal in the eyes of God  looking out for each other (weak or needy)  Ideas are radical to polytheistic Arabs.

6. Flight from Mecca  Muhammad not accepted in Mecca  Islamic community threatens tribal leaders  He challenged polytheism  622 ad he traveled to Medina where he developed his teachings.  630 he returns to Mecca.  Muhammad not accepted in Mecca  Islamic community threatens tribal leaders  He challenged polytheism  622 ad he traveled to Medina where he developed his teachings.  630 he returns to Mecca.

7. Successor for Muhammad  Muhammad’s death caused a crisis.  Debate over who should take over.  Leaders who take over are named “Caliph”  Caliphs ruled according to Quran and Muhammad’s teachings.  Islam expands throughout the world.  Muhammad’s death caused a crisis.  Debate over who should take over.  Leaders who take over are named “Caliph”  Caliphs ruled according to Quran and Muhammad’s teachings.  Islam expands throughout the world.

8. Religious Beliefs of Muslims

9. 5 Pillars of Islam  Confession of faith: “No god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.”  Pray 5 times a day  Charity: give to poor  Fast: during Ramadan  Pilgrimage: travel to Mecca (Hajj)  Confession of faith: “No god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.”  Pray 5 times a day  Charity: give to poor  Fast: during Ramadan  Pilgrimage: travel to Mecca (Hajj)

10. Islam at that Time!  Belief in jihad: die in battle for your faith and will go to paradise.  Created a legal system based on the interpretation of the Quran…creates a “Theocracy” or a government ruled by religion.  Belief in jihad: die in battle for your faith and will go to paradise.  Created a legal system based on the interpretation of the Quran…creates a “Theocracy” or a government ruled by religion.

11. Similarities between Christianity and Judaism  Muhammad’s God was the same god of the Christians and Jews.  Muhammad believed that God sends his message through prophets such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.  Quran gives recognition to Jews, Christians, and other people with written scriptures called “People of the Book”  Muhammad’s God was the same god of the Christians and Jews.  Muhammad believed that God sends his message through prophets such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.  Quran gives recognition to Jews, Christians, and other people with written scriptures called “People of the Book”