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AP Biology 2007-2008 Domain Eubacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Animals Domain Eukarya
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AP Biology Animal Characteristics Heterotrophs must ingest others for nutrients Multicellular complex bodies No cell walls allows active transport Sexual reproduction no alternation of generations no haploid gametophyte
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AP Biology Check For Understanding: II f animals have NO haploid gametophyte stage, how does sexual reproduction work? MM eiosis Produces gametes, fertilization occurs inside the diploid female!
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AP Biology Human Life Cycle Example: Multicellular Diploid (2N) stages Produce gametes Unicellular haploid Gametes (n) are produced by meiosis Fertilization occurs inside Female Zygote develops after fertilization Diploid (2N) offspring grow and develop
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AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization & body complexity
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AP Biology Invertebrate: Porifera Sponges no distinct tissues or organs do have specialized cells no symmetry sessile (as adults) food taken into each cell by endocytosis
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AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization & body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish
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AP Biology Invertebrate: Cnidaria Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral tissues, but no organs radial symmetry predators tentacles surround gut opening extracellular digestion release enzymes into gut cavity absorption by cells lining gut medusapolyp
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AP Biology hydra stinging cell with nematocyst trigger discharged nematocyst undischarged nematocyst tentacles mouth sensory cell stinging cell Stinging cells of Cnidarians
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AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization & body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral
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AP Biology Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes ectoderm mesoderm endoderm Flatworms tapeworm, planaria mostly parasitic bilaterally symmetrical have right & left & then have head (anterior) end & posterior end cephalization = development of brain concentration of sense organs in head increase specialization in body plan Animals now face the world head on! acoelomate
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AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization & body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity body complexity digestive & repro sys roundworms
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AP Biology Invertebrate: Nematoda Roundworms bilaterally symmetrical body cavity pseudocoelom = simple body cavity digestive system tube running through length of body (mouth to anus) many are parasitic hookworm C. elegans
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AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization & body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity body complexity digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom digestive sys mollusks
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AP Biology Invertebrate: Mollusca Mollusks slugs, snails, clams, squid bilaterally symmetrical (with exceptions) soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells true coelem increases complexity & specialization of internal organs
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AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization & body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity body complexity digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom digestive sys mollusks segmentation redundancy, specialization, mobility segmented worms
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AP Biology Invertebrate: Annelida Segmented worms earthworms, leeches segments increase mobility redundancy in body sections bilaterally symmetrical true coelem fan wormleech
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AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization & body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity body complexity digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom digestive sys mollusks segmentation redundancy, specialization, mobility segmented worms insects spiders
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AP Biology Invertebrate: Arthropoda Spiders, insects, crustaceans most successful animal phylum bilaterally symmetrical segmented specialized segments allows jointed appendages exoskeleton chitin (carbohydrate) + protein
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AP Biology Arthropod groups insects 6 legs, 3 body parts crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrimp arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions
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AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization & body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity body complexity digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom digestive sys mollusks segmentation redundancy, specialization, mobility segmented worms insects spiders endoskeleton body size starfish
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AP Biology Invertebrate: Echinodermata Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber radially symmetrical as adults spiny endoskeleton deuterostome loss of bilateral symmetry?
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AP Biology Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes sponges Nematoda MolluscaArthropodaChordata AnnelidaEchinodermata multicellularity Ancestral Protist Animal Evolution specialization & body complexity tissues specialized structure & function, muscle & nerve tissue jellyfish bilateral symmetry distinct body plan; cephalization flatworms radial bilateral body cavity body complexity digestive & repro sys roundworms coelom digestive sys mollusks segmentation redundancy, specialization, mobility segmented worms insects spiders endoskeleton body size starfishvertebrates backbone body & brain size, mobility
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AP Biology Vertebrates fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals internal bony skeleton backbone encasing spinal column skull-encased brain deuterostome postanal tail notochord hollow dorsal nerve cord pharyngeal pouches Chordata becomes brain & spinal cord becomes vertebrae becomes gills or Eustachian tube becomes tail or tailbone Oh, look… your first baby picture! vertebrate embryo
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AP Biology Invertebrate quick check… Which group includes snails, clams, and squid? Which group is the sponges? Which are the flatworms? …segmented worms? …roundworms? Which group has jointed appendages & an exoskeleton? Which two groups have radial symmetry? What is the adaptive advantage of bilateral symmetry? Which group has no symmetry? Invertebrates: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata
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AP Biology Independent Practice Using your table and page 741 of your text, summarize the characteristics of each branch point in the animal kingdom on your chart Make sure to explain what the characteristic means (Use chapter 25.2) and to give several examples of animals in that group.
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AP Biology Explain that Group: spongesjellyfishflatworms roundwormsmollusks segmented worms insects spiders starfishvertebrates Ancestral Protist 1 2 3 4 7 5 6 8 9
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AP Biology Homework (page 821): Sketch and study the jellyfish lifecycle in your notes, labeling each stage. 1) Why do jellyfish not show alternation in generations? 2) How does a jellyfish asexually reproduce? Explain. 3) How does a jellyfish sexually reproduce?
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AP Biology 2010-2011 That’s the buzz! Any Questions?
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