1. Introduction to Physiology
Unit 1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Physiology

2. Form and Function What are the parts of a wrench?
What are the functions of each part? 3 5 4
1 Handle
2 Worm-screw
3 Jaws
4 Fixed
5 Adjustable
The handle is where the wrench is held and stabilized. The worm-screw is turned to adjust the size of the jaws to the correct width by moving the adjustable away from the fixed. 2 1
Adjustable Wrench

3. Form and Function Human body Anatomy = the parts
Physiology = the function of the parts
As we go through this class, take notice of how different parts of the body look the way they do because of their function.
Form fits function.

4. Levels of Organization

5. What makes an organism living or not
What makes an organism living or not? Metabolism: all of the chemical reactions in the body

6. Characteristics of Life
Growth
Movement
Responsiveness

7. Characteristics of Life
Reproduction
Digestion
Respiration
Absorption

8. Characteristics of Life
Excretion
Circulation
Assimilation
Refer to table 1.1

9. Requirements of Organisms

10. Requirements of Organisms
Oxygen
Used to release energy from food
Water
Required for metabolism, provides transportation to substances throughout body
Food
Provides necessary nutrients for energy and building materials
Heat
Product of metabolism
Pressure
Important in breathing and blood circulation

11. How to measure heart rate?
Radial or Carotid
Measure resting HR
Jumping Jacks for 1 minute
Sit and measure HR
What happens to your HR after the jumping jacks?
This is an example of homeostasis.

12. Homeostasis Maintaining a stable internal environment
Regulated through negative feedback mechanisms
Three components:
Receptors – provide information about the internal environment
Set point – “normal” condition
Effectors – cause responses to alter the internal environment

13. Homeostatic Mechanism
Example: body temperature regulation (pg 8)

14. Body Cavities Cranial cavity Vertebral Column Thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic Cavity

15. Organ Systems 11 organ systems in the body (pg 13)
All 11 organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis

16. Organ Systems Integumentary system Skeletal System
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
Protect and help regulate body temperature
Skeletal System
Bones, ligaments, cartilage
Provides framework and protects internal organs

17. Organ Systems Muscular System Nervous System
Muscles provide forces to move body parts
Nervous System
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
Communication of changes inside and outside body
Coordination of movement

18. Organ Systems Endocrine System Cardiovascular System Glands, hormones
Regulates metabolism
Cardiovascular System
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood
Transport blood throughout body
Carries oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells

19. Organ Systems Lymphatic System Digestive System
Lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
Transport fluid back to blood stream
Immune response
Digestive System
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, intestines
Breaks down food into simpler forms that can be absorbed

20. Organ System Respiratory System Urinary System lungs
Exchanges gases between blood and air
Urinary System
Kidneys
Removes waste from blood
Regulates water and salt concentrations

21. Organ Systems Reproductive System Produces a whole new organism
Males and Females have different systems
Pg 13

22. Body Sections
Frontal plane
Sagittal plane
Transverse plane
Pg 15

23. Relative Positions