1. Do Now 9.19 1.Take out animal behavior Cornell notes so I can check them. 2.What does it mean if an experiment is biased? What is bias?

2. Animal Behavior Instinctual Behavior – automatic processes triggered by specific stimuli. Present at birth Simple reflexes: Are not processed by brain, but spinal cord. Fixed action pattern: like reflexes but behavior is more complex. Imprinting: fast, irreversible learning (e.g. duck mom)

3. Animal Behavior Learned Behavior – Not present at birth. Habituation: repeated stimuli become ignored. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov’s dog (association of stimuli) Operant conditioning: trial and error learning based on positive or negative outcomes. Circadian Rhythms – Internal “clock” that can regulate behavior, i.e. activity cycle.

5. What about the Termites? What type of behavior is the trail-following behavior we studied in Reticulitermes flavipes? A.Simple reflex B.Fixed-action pattern C.Imprinting D.Habituation E.conditioning

6. Characteristics of Life Try this mnemonic: OGE 2 R 3 – Organization, growth, energy use, evolution, reproduction, response, regulation. Know ‘em… and what they mean!

7. Bias What is bias? – Prejudice that favors some data or results over others. Only using data that supports or refutes a hypothesis, not all available data. Rigging an experiment to produce desired results. Why is it a bad thing? – Science must have accurate data to work properly. What causes bias – Confirmation bias: see what you want to see. – Conflicts of interest: $$$ and awards / promotions, etc. – Poor experimental design

8. Experiments Heart rate Telepathy / ESP

9. How Science Fights Bias Peer review process – Trained scientists in the field review research papers to make sure proper controls were used, and the methods were fair. Repeatability – Others in the field will attempt to confirm finding, or add to them. If they can’t, then the original research will be discredited.

10. Pharmaceutical Company Bias Why Mr. Tomasino is a teacher, and not working for “the man.” Avandia article: ongoing lawsuits in the news Pfizer – Largest guilty plea ever (BILLION$$$) – Nigeria ethical issues

11. Homework Complete Bias worksheet.