1. 1 Two Examples of Grids GGF16 Defining the Grid Workshop Athens Greece February 14 2006 Geoffrey Fox Computer Science, Informatics, Physics Pervasive Technology Laboratories Indiana University Bloomington IN 47401 http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/presentations/ gcf@indiana.edugcf@indiana.edu http://www.infomall.orghttp://www.infomall.org

2. 2 IT This year in DoD The president’s fiscal 2006 Defense Department budget proposal calls for raising IT spending by the largest margin in the past four years. President Bush asked Congress to approve $30.1 billion for IT programs next year, a 4.9 percent increase over this year. “The 2006 budget supports substantial investments in advanced technology to provide advantages over our enemies, particularly in remote sensing and high-performance computing,” Defense officials noted in a summary of IT spending. “Investments in communications are improving connectivity between troops and their commanders well beyond the field of battle. These developments are improving our ability to detect and counter the broad range of threats facing the United States, reaping benefits for both U.S. forces and homeland security.” The proposal includes significant increases for several programs that are part of the Global Information Grid, …..

3. 3 Features of NCOW GiG Global Information Grid is the Infrastructure NCOW Network Centric Operations and Warfare is the architecture (DoD’s OGSA) Order of magnitude larger than GGF set of specifications of (application) services (not in WSDL) Interesting principles such as all messaging publish/subscribe OHIO: Only handle Information Once Post Information before and after processing (store raw and processed data) Smart information pull (User defined operational picture UDOP) No discussion of execution (computing) – largely streaming information

4. 4 DoD Core Services and WS-* plus GS-* I NCOW Service or FeatureWS-* Service areaGGFOthers A: General Principles Use Service Oriented ArchitectureWS-1: Core Service Model Build Grids on Web Services Industry Best Practice (IBM, Microsoft …) Grid of Grids CompositionLegacy subsystems and modular architecture B: NCOW Core Services (to be continued) CES 1: Enterprise Services Management WS-8 ManagementGS-6: ManagementCIM CES 2: Information Assurance(IA)/Security WS-5 WS-Security GS-7 Security (Authorization) Grid-Shib, Permis Liberty Alliance etc. CES 3: MessagingWS-2, WS-3 Service Internet Notification NaradaBrokering, Streaming/Sensor Technologies CES 4: DiscoveryWS-6 UDDIExtended UDDI CES 5: MediationWS-4 WorkflowTreatment of Legacy systems. Data Transformations CES 6: CollaborationShared Web ResourcesAsynchronous Virtual Organizations XGSP, Shared Web Service ports, Anabas CES 7: User assistanceWS-10 PortletsGridSphereNCOW Capability Interfaces, JSR168

5. 5 DoD Core Services and WS-* and GS-* II NCOW Service or FeatureWS-* Service areaGGFOthers B: NCOW Core Services Continued CES 8: Storage (not real-time streams) GS-4 DataNCOW Data Strategy CES 9: ApplicationGS-2; invoke GS-3Best Practice in building Grid/Web services (proxy or direct) Environmental Control Services ECS WS-9 Policy C: Key NCOW Capabilities not directly in CES System Meta-dataWS-7Semantic Grid Globus MDS C2IEDM, XBML, DDMS, WFS Resource/Service Matching/Scheduling Distributed Scheduling and SLA’s (GS-3) Extend computer scheduling to networks and data flow Sensors (real-time data)Work startingOGC Sensor standards Geographical Information Systems GIS OGC GIS standards See http://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/gig for detailshttp://grids.ucs.indiana.edu/ptliupages/publications/gig

6. 6 Why Grids for NCOW? Web services gives us interoperability but Grids are essential as we aim at Information Management Grids are the key idea to manage complexity but applying uniform policies and building managed systems Grids of Grids allows one to build out the management in a modular fashion Uniform Grid messaging handles complex networks with managed QoS such as real-time constraints Managed Services and Messaging gives scalability and performance DoD found Web services were “undisciplined” (as used for say JBI) and need structure from Grids

7. 7 Database SS SSSSSSSSS FS FSFS Portal FSFS OSOS OSOS OSOS OSOS OSOS OSOS OSOS OSOS OSOS OSOS OSOS OSOS MD MetaData Filter Service Sensor Service Other Service Another Grid Raw Data  Data  Information  Knowledge  Wisdom Decisions S S Another Service S Another Grid S SS FS SOAP Messages

8. 8 Everything Is a Service or a message/ Information Nugget Military Information Management System Directly GS-* WS-* Filters JBI Joint Battlefield Infosphere

9. 9 MIO or Military Information Object Unit of Managed Information expressed in DoD specific metadata languages such as DDMS XMSF XBML and C2IEDM OGSA-DAI and Sensor Standards Info-D WS-Notification WS-Eventing Appl. Specific Metadata ASFS All Messaging Publish/ Suscribe

10. 10 Grids for Minority Serving Institutions (MSI) MSICII Minority - Serving Institutions Cyberinfrastructure (CI) Institute led by Alliance for Equity in Higher Education HACU Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities NAFEO National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education AIHEC American Indian Higher Education Consortium Together represent 335 MSIs for three major minority groups in USA I am Visiting Scholar for Cyberinfrastructure Development at the Alliance http://www.educationgrid.org Democracy through Cyberinfrastructure (for which Grids are technology) Enable broad (systemic) participation in leading edge business, research and education irrespective of geography and local environment scalable to all MSIs Help preserve indigenous nations such as American Indian Nations and create jobs in geographically isolated locations – note unemployment in Navajo Nation is over 40%

11. 11 Minority - Serving Institutions Cyberinfrastructure Institute Vision: To significantly increase the number of traditionally underrepresented minority scientists, engineers, educators and students that use, support, deploy, develop, and design CI. Mission: Build and enhance meaningful collaborations between MSIs and the nation’s CI initiatives to ensure that necessary resources are available to develop and support their faculty and technical staff to become members of the national e-science community of practice. Strategy: Link organizations representing all the MSIs with the experts in Cyberinfrastructure Collaborate with NCSA, SDSC, TeraGrid ….

12. 12 MSICII Activities Training and Education at Research, Education, Executive and Systems support levels Mentored internships and e-Science projects linking PIs in MSI and nonMSI institutions Collaboratory/Portal including Science Gateways as in TeraGrid Access to Cyberinfrastructure from MSIs building on earlier AN-MSI project Provision of Cyberinfrastructure both at MSIs and virtually (with Ian Foster’s help) as part of Nationally run facilities

13. 13 Defining a Grid Grids support Sensors and Decision making Grids support Communities and Collaboratories There are many other Grid examples Grids consist of Organized Internet scale distributed services Session on Collaboration Grids and Community Networks at CTS06 Las Vegas May 14-17 2006 http://www.engr.udayton.edu/faculty/wsmari/cts06/