1. 13 The Digestive System and Nutrition
Lesson 13.1: Nutrition Lesson 13.2: Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System Lesson 13.3: Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System

2. Chapter 13: The Digestive System and Nutrition
Lesson 13.1
Nutrition

3. Energy measuring the body’s energy use basal metabolic rate calories
kilocalories
basal metabolic rate
energy required for one day at rest
varies by individual

4. Macronutrients, Vitamins, and Minerals
substances needed for
energy
growth
maintenance
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5. Carbohydrates sugars starches 1 gram supplies 4 Calories
one half of daily caloric intake should be from carbohydrates

6. Proteins made of amino acids essential amino acids
must be part of diet
nonessential amino acids
body can make
one gram supplies 4 Calories
one quarter of daily caloric intake from proteins
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7. Fats lipids saturated fats monounsaturated fats polyunsaturated fats
trans-unsaturated fats (trans fats)

8. Fats one gram supplies 9 Calories
minimize trans and saturated fat intake
less than 25–35% of total calories from fat

9. Vitamins chemicals needed for proper metabolism types of vitamins
fat-soluble
may be stored in the body
water-soluble
are not stored in the body
vitamin deficiency

10. Minerals elements needed for proper body function examples calcium
potassium
iron
phosphorus

11. Water-Soluble Vitamins

12. Fat-Soluble Vitamins

13. Minerals

14. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: carbohydrate, fat, vitamin, iron.
1. 9 calories per gram
2. water soluble
3. sugar
4. mineral

15. Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System
Chapter 13: The Digestive System and Nutrition
Lesson 13.2
Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System

16. Activities of Digestion
(1) ingestion
(2) propulsion
moving food along GI tract
peristalsis
(3) mechanical breakdown
breaks food into smaller pieces
increases surface area of food

17. Activities of Digestion
(4) chemical breakdown
digestion
enzymes
(5) absorption
digested food particles moved into blood
(6) defecation
expulsion of food not absorbed

18. Activities of Digestion

19. Layers of the Alimentary Canal
Mucosa
innermost layer
Submucosa
below mucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

20. Layers of the Alimentary Canal

21. Digestive Organs and Their Functions

22. Oral & Nasal Cavity passageway for air & food uvula
hangs from soft palate
keeps food out of nasal cavity when swallowing

23. Teeth and Gums gum teeth gingiva deciduous permanent Incisor (8)
canine (4)
molars (20)

24. Salivary Glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
saliva
water
enzymes

25. Pharynx & Esophagus nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx
glottis
epiglottis
connects pharynx to
stomach
peristalsis

26. Stomach gastric gland protein-digesting enzymes chyme formation
mucus-secreting
cells
protein-digesting enzymes
chyme formation

27. Small Intestine segments lining duodenum jejunum ileum villi
microvilli

28. Small Intestine chemical breakdown absorption into blood
emulsification (bile)
enzymes
absorption into blood
from capillaries to blood vessels

29. The Liver and Gallbladder
functions of liver
maintains nutrients in blood
nutrient conversion and storage
filters toxins
functions of gallbladder
stores bile made by liver
releases bile when fat-containing chyme is in duodenum

30. Liver and Gallbladder

31. Pancreas pancreatic juices glucose regulation
contain digestive enzymes
glucose regulation
beta cells–insulin
alpha cells–glucagon

32. Large Intestine regions cecum colon ascending transverse descending
sigmoid

33. Rectum, Anal Canal, and Anus

34. Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System
Chapter 13: The Digestive System and Nutrition
Lesson 13.3
Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System

35. Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System
gingivitis and periodontal disease
plaque forms tarter
cardiovascular disease
gastroesophageal reflux disease
heartburn
ulcers
Helicobacter pylori

36. Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System
gastroenteritis
inflammation of stomach or intestine
inflammatory bowel syndrome
chronic inflammation
ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease
constipation and diarrhea
infrequent or too frequent defecation

37. Disorders and Diseases of the Digestive System
hepatitis
inflammation of liver
pancreatitis
inflammation of pancreas
gallstones
bile forms crystals
cholecystectomy
cancer
digestive system cancers are common
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38. Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: tartar, gallstones, hepatitis, or ulcers. 1. Helicobacter pylori causes _______________. 2. Inflammation of the liver is _______________. 3. Plaque forms _______________. 4. Crystals of bile are _______________.