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Digital IC Family
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Digital IC
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Introduction Digital ICs are more reliable by reducing the number of external interconnections from one device to another. Before ICs, every circuit connection was from one discrete component to another.
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Cont., A logic family refers to digital integrated circuit devices which are constructed with a combination of electronic gates. A family has its own power supply voltage and distinct logic levels.
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Cont., Each family has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Also within each family, there is a range of voltages which may be high level or low level.
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Cont., The various logic families can be placed into two brand categories according to the IC fabrication process. Bipolar Metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)
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Bipolar Logic family
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Metal-oxide semiconductor Logic family
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Bipolar Logic families
The important elements of a bipolar IC are resistors, transistors and diodes. Based on the two main operations of bipolar ICs, i.e., Saturated Non-saturated.
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Saturated bipolar Logic families
Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL) Direct-Coupled Transistor Logic (DCTL) Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL) High Threshold Logic (HTL) Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) Integrated-Injection Logic (IIL)
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Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL)
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Direct-Coupled Transistor Logic (DCTL)
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Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL)
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High Threshold Logic (HTL)
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Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)
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Integrated-Injection Logic (IIL)
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Non saturated Logic families
Schottky TTL Emitter-coupled Logic (ECL)
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Emitter-coupled Logic (ECL)
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Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)
The MOS families include PMOS p-channel MOSFETs NMOS n-channel MOSFETs CMOS Complementary MOSFETs
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PMOS p-channel MOSFETs
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NMOS n-channel MOSFETs
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CMOS Complementary MOSFETs
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Characteristics of Digital ICs
Speed of operation Power dissipation Fan-in Fan-out
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Cont., Noise immunity Operating temperature Power supply requirements
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Speed of operation The speed of operation of an IC is expressed in terms of propagation delay. Propagation delay is defined as the time taken for the output of a gate to change after the inputs have changed
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Cont., The time difference between the application of input and appearance of output is also called as propagation delay.
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Power dissipation Power dissipation is the nature of the power consumed by a logic gate when fully driven by all its inputs. It is expressed in mill watts or nano watts
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Fan in The fan-in of a gate is the number of inputs connected to the gate without degradation in the voltage levels.
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Fan out Fan out is the maximum number of similar logic gates that a gate can drive without any degradation in voltage levels.
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Noise immunity The noise immunity of a logic circuit refers to the circuit ability to tolerate noise without causing spurious changes in the output voltage. A quantitative measure of the noise immunity is called noise margin.
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Operating Temperature
ALL IC gates are semiconductor devices that are temperature-sensitive by nature. The operating temperature ranges for and IC vary from 00 C to +700 C for consumer and industrial applications and from -550 C to C for military applications
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Power supply requirements
The amount of power and supply voltage required by an IC are the main parameters to be taken into consideration while choosing a proper power supply
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The End ……Thank you…… M.S.P.V.L. Polytechnic College, Pavoorchatram.
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